Ucabangani mayelana nokwazi kwakho?

396 ucabangani ngokwazi kwakho Ibizwa ngokuthi inkinga yomzimba womqondo (futhi inkinga yomzimba-womphefumulo) phakathi kwezazi zefilosofi nezazi zemfundiso yenkolo. Akuyona inkinga yokuhlanganiswa kahle kwezimoto (njengokuphuza ama-sips avela enkomishini ngaphandle kokuchitha noma yini noma ukuphonsa imicibisholo ngokungalungile). Esikhundleni salokho, umbuzo uthi ngabe imizimba yethu ingokwenyama nemicabango yethu ingokomoya yini; Noma, ukubeka ngenye indlela, noma ngabe abantu bangokwenyama kuphela noma inhlanganisela yenyama nengokomoya.

Nakuba iBhayibheli lingakhulumi ngendaba yomzimba wengqondo ngokuqondile, liqukethe izikhombo ezicacile zohlangothi olungezona olungokomzimba lokuphila komuntu futhi lihlukanisa (igama leTestamente Elisha) phakathi komzimba (umzimba, inyama) nomphefumulo (ingqondo, umoya). Futhi nakuba iBhayibheli lingachazi ukuthi umzimba nomphefumulo kuhlobana kanjani noma ukuthi kusebenzelana kanjani ncamashi, alikuhlukanisi kokubili noma likuveze njengokushintshashintshayo futhi alilokothi lehlise umphefumulo ube ngokwenyama. Iziqephu ezimbalwa zikhomba “kumoya” oyingqayizivele ongaphakathi kwethu kanye nokuxhumana noMoya oNgcwele okusikisela ukuthi singaba nobudlelwane bomuntu siqu noNkulunkulu (KwabaseRoma 8,16 futhi 1. AbaseKorinte 2,11).

Lapho sicabangela inkinga yomzimba wengqondo, kubalulekile ukuthi siqale ngemfundiso eyisisekelo yemiBhalo: Bekungeke kube khona abantu futhi bebengeke babe yilokho abayikho, ngaphandle kobudlelwane obukhona, obuqhubekayo noNkulunkulu onguMdali ongaphezu kwamandla, bonke abaDaliwe. izinto futhi zagcina ubukhona bazo. Indalo (kuhlanganise nabantu) ibingeke ibe khona ukube uNkulunkulu ubehlukene nayo ngokuphelele. Indalo ayizange izidale yona futhi ayibugcini ubukhona bayo - nguNkulunkulu kuphela okhona uqobo (izazi zenkolo zikhuluma lapha ngobuNkulunkulu bukaNkulunkulu). Ukuba khona kwazo zonke izinto ezidaliwe kuyisipho esivela kuNkulunkulu okhona.

Ngokuphambene nobufakazi beBhayibheli, abanye bathi abantu bamane nje bayizidalwa ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kugomela kuphakamisa lo mbuzo olandelayo: Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi into engabonakali njengokwazi komuntu ivele entweni engazi lutho njengezinto ezibonakalayo? Umbuzo ohlobene uwukuthi: Kungani kukhona noma yimuphi umbono wolwazi lwezinzwa nhlobo? Le mibuzo ivusa eminye imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ukwazi kumane kuwukukhohlisa noma kukhona yini ingxenye (nakuba engeyona eyomzimba) exhunywe ebuchosheni bezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa kufanele ihlukaniswe.

Cishe wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi abantu banokuqaphela (izwe elingaphakathi lemicabango elinezithombe, imibono kanye nemizwa) - okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ingqondo futhi okungokoqobo kithi njengesidingo sokudla nokulala. Kodwa-ke, asikho isivumelwano mayelana nemvelo kanye nembangela yokwazi / ingqondo yethu. Abathanda izinto ezibonakalayo bakubheka kuphela njengomphumela womsebenzi we-electrochemical wobuchopho bomzimba. Abangezona izinto ezibonakalayo (okuhlanganisa namaKristu) bakubona njengento engabonakali engafani nobuchopho benyama.

Ukuqagela mayelana nokuqaphela kuwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko. Isigaba sokuqala yiPhysicalism (izinto ezibonakalayo). Lokhu kufundisa ukuthi awukho umhlaba kamoya ongabonakali. Esinye isigaba sibizwa ngokuthi i-parallel dualism, efundisa ukuthi ingqondo ingaba nesici esingesona esomzimba noma ayinaso nhlobo ngokomzimba, ukuze ingakwazi ukuchazwa ngamagama angokwenyama kuphela. I-Parallel dualism ibheka ubuchopho nengqondo njengokusebenzisana nokusebenza ngokuhambisana - lapho ubuchopho bulimele, ikhono lokucabanga ngokunengqondo lingaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenzisana okukhona ngokuhambisana nakho kuyathinteka.

Endabeni ye-parallel dualism, igama elithi dualism lisetshenziswa kubantu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusebenzelana okubonakalayo nokungabonwa phakathi kobuchopho nengqondo. Izinqubo zengqondo ezenzekayo ngamunye kumuntu ngamunye ziyimfihlo futhi azifinyeleleki kubantu bangaphandle. Omunye umuntu angasibamba isandla, kodwa akakwazi ukuthola imicabango yethu yangasese (futhi isikhathi esiningi sijabula kakhulu ngokuthi uNkulunkulu ukuhlele kanjalo!). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ezithile zobuntu esizazisayo ngaphakathi azikwazi ukuncishiswa zibe izici ezibonakalayo. Imibono ihlanganisa uthando, ubulungisa, ukuthethelela, injabulo, isihe, umusa, ithemba, ubuhle, iqiniso, ubuhle, ukuthula, isenzo somuntu kanye nesibopho - lokhu kunikeza injongo nenjongo yokuphila. Indima yeBhayibheli isitshela ukuthi zonke izipho ezinhle zivela kuNkulunkulu (Jakobe 1,17). Ingabe lokhu kungasichazela ubukhona bale mibono kanye nokunakekela isimo sethu sobuntu - njengezipho ezivela kuNkulunkulu eziya esintwini?

NjengamaKristu, sikhomba emisebenzini engaphenyekiyo nethonya likaNkulunkulu emhlabeni; lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza kwakhe ngezinto ezidaliwe (umphumela wemvelo) noma, ngokuqondile, ukwenza kwakhe ngoMoya oNgcwele. Njengoba uMoya oNgcwele engabonakali, umsebenzi Wakhe awunakulinganiswa. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wenziwa emhlabeni wezinto ezibonakalayo. Imisebenzi yakhe ayinakubikezelwa futhi ayikwazi ukuncishiswa ibe ngamaketanga omphumela we-empirically oqondakalayo. Le misebenzi ayihlanganisi nje kuphela indalo kaNkulunkulu njengalokhu, kodwa futhi Ukuzalwa Kwenyama, Ukuvuka Kwabafileyo, Ukwenyuka, ukuthunyelwa kukaMoya oNgcwele kanye nokubuya kukaJesu Kristu okulindelekile ukuze kupheleliswe umbuso kaNkulunkulu kanye nokumiswa kwezulu elisha kanye nokubuya kukaJesu Kristu. umhlaba omusha.

Ukubuyela enkingeni yengqondo nomzimba, abathanda izinto ezibonakalayo bathi ingqondo ingachazwa ngokomzimba. Lo mbono uvula ithuba, nakuba kungesona isidingo, sokukhiqiza kabusha ingqondo. Selokhu kwaqanjwa igama elithi "Artificial Intelligence" (AI), i-AI ibilokhu iyisihloko sethemba phakathi konjiniyela bamakhompyutha nababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi. Eminyakeni edlule, i-AI ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bethu. Ama-algorithms ahlelelwe zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi nemishini, kusukela komakhalekhukhwini kuya ezimotweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware nehardware kuthuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi imishini iphumelele abantu ekuhlolweni kwemidlalo. Ngo-1997, i-IBM computer Deep Blue yashaya umpetha womhlaba wechess uGarry Kasparov. UKasparov wasola i-IBM ngokukhwabanisa futhi ufuna ukuziphindiselela. Ngifisa sengathi i-IBM ayizange inqabe, kodwa banqume ukuthi umshini usebenze kanzima futhi wavele wathatha umhlalaphansi u-Deep Blue. Ngo-2011, umbukiso weJeopardyuiz wawubambe umdlalo phakathi kwe-IBM's Watson Computer nabadlali ababili abaphezulu be-Jeopardy. (Esikhundleni sokuphendula imibuzo, abadlali kufanele basheshe bakhe imibuzo ukuze bathole izimpendulo ezinikeziwe.) Abadlali bahlulwe ngebanga elibanzi. Ngingasho nje (futhi ngiyabaxaka) ukuthi u-Watson, owasebenza ngendlela ayedalwe ngayo futhi wahlelelwa ukwenza, wayengajabule; kepha isoftware ye-AI kanye nonjiniyela behadiwe bayakwenza. Lokho kufanele kusitshele okuthile!

Abathanda izinto ezibonakalayo bathi abukho ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuthi ingqondo nomzimba kuhlukene futhi kuhlukene. Bagomela ngokuthi ubuchopho nokwazi kuyafana nokuthi ingqondo ngandlela thize ivela ezinqubweni ze-quantum zobuchopho noma iphuma enkingeni yezinqubo ezenzeka ebuchosheni. Omunye walabo okuthiwa "abaphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu abathukuthele", uDaniel Dennett, uya phambili futhi uthi ukwazi kuwukukhohlisa. Umlweli wokholo ongumKristu uGreg Koukl uveza iphutha eliyisisekelo engxoxweni kaDennett:

Ukube bekungekho ukwazi kwangempela, bekungeke kube khona ndlela yokubona ukuthi bekuyinkohliso nje. Uma kudingeka ukwazi ukubona inkohliso, ngakho-ke akunakuba yinkohliso uqobo. Ngendlela efanayo, umuntu bekuzodingeka ukuthi abone yomibili imihlaba, engokoqobo neyinkohliso, ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili, futhi ngenxa yalokho akwazi ukukhomba umhlaba oyinkohliso. Ukube yonke imibono ibiyinkohliso, bekungeke kubonakale kanjalo.

I-immaterial ayikwazi ukutholwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-material (empirical). Izinto ezibonakalayo kuphela ezinganqunywa eziqaphelekayo, ezilinganisekayo, eziqinisekisekayo neziphindaphindekayo. Uma kunezinto kuphela ezingafakazelwa ngokwamandla, khona-ke okwakuhlukile (okungaphindaphindeki) ngeke kube khona. Futhi uma lokhu kunjalo, khona-ke umlando owenziwe ngokulandelana okuyingqayizivele, okungenakuphindwa kwezenzakalo awukwazi ukuba khona! Lokho kungase kube lula, futhi kwabanye kuyincazelo engenangqondo yokuthi kukhona izinto ezinjalo kuphela ezingatholwa ngendlela ethile nethandwayo. Ngamafuphi, ayikho indlela yokufakazela ngokunamandla ukuthi izinto eziqinisekisiwe kuphela / ezibonakalayo ezikhona! Akunangqondo ukunciphisa konke okungokoqobo kulokho okungatholwa yile ndlela eyodwa. Lo mbono ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi isayensi.

Lena indaba enkulu futhi ngike nganwaya nje phezulu, kodwa futhi kuyisihloko esibalulekile - phawula amazwi kaJesu: “Ningabesabi ababulala umzimba, kodwa bengenakuwubulala umphefumulo” ( Mathewu. 10,28). UJesu wayengeyena umuntu othanda izinto ezibonakalayo - wenza umehluko ocacile phakathi komzimba wenyama (ohlanganisa nobuchopho) kanye nengxenye engabonakali yokuba ngumuntu, okuyiyona ngqikithi yobuntu bethu. Lapho uJesu esitshela ukuthi singavumeli abanye babulale imiphefumulo yethu, wayebhekisela naseqinisweni lokuthi akufanele sivumele abanye baqede ukholo lwethu nokholo lwethu kuNkulunkulu. Asikwazi ukumbona uNkulunkulu, kodwa siyamazi futhi siyamethemba futhi ngokwazi kwethu okungekona okwenyama singamuzwa noma simbone. Ukukholelwa kwethu kuNkulunkulu kuyingxenye yokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu okuqaphelayo.

UJesu usikhumbuza ukuthi amandla ethu okuqonda ayingxenye ebalulekile yobufundi bethu njengabafundi Bakhe. Ukwazi kwethu kusinika amandla okukholelwa kuNkulunkulu onguziqu-zintathu, uYise, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele. Kusisiza ukuba samukele isipho sokukholwa; ukuthi ukholo “luwukuba nethemba eliqinile ezintweni ezithenjwayo, hhayi ukungabaza ngezinto ezingabonwayo.” ( Hebheru 11,1). Ukwazi kwethu kusenza sazi futhi simethembe uNkulunkulu njengoMdali, “siqaphele ukuthi umhlaba wadalwa ngezwi likaNkulunkulu, ukuze konke okubonwayo kwenziwe ize” (ngesiHeberu. 11,3). Ukwazi kwethu kusenza sibe nokuthula okungaphezu kwazo zonke izizathu, ukuqaphela ukuthi uNkulunkulu uluthando, ukukholelwa kuJesu njengeNdodana kaNkulunkulu, ukukholelwa ekuphileni okuphakade, ukwazi injabulo yeqiniso nokwazi ukuthi ngempela singabantwana bakaNkulunkulu abathandekayo. .

Masithokoze ngokuthi uNkulunkulu usinikeze amandla okucabanga ukubona umhlaba wethu kanye naye,