UJesu: Inganekwane Nje?

I-Advent noKhisimusi yizikhathi zokucabanga. Isikhathi sokuzindla ngoJesu nokuba senyameni kwakhe, isikhathi senjabulo, sethemba nesethembiso. Emhlabeni wonke abantu balandisa ngokuzalwa kwakhe. Ingoma kaKhisimusi eyodwa ngemva komunye ingazwakala emoyeni. Emasontweni, lo mkhosi ugujwa ngemidlalo yokuzalwa kukaJesu, ama-cantata kanye nokucula kwamakhwaya. Yisikhathi sonyaka lapho umuntu engacabanga ukuthi umhlaba wonke uzofunda iqiniso ngoJesu uMesiya. Kodwa ngeshwa, abaningi abayiqondi incazelo ephelele yenkathi kaKhisimusi futhi bagubha kuphela lo mkhosi ngenxa yesimo samaholide esihambisana nawo. Baphuthelwa kakhulu kangangokuthi abamazi uJesu noma bakholelwa emangeni athi uyinganekwane nje - inkolelo elokhu ikhona kusukela ekuqaleni kobuKristu.

Kuvamile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ukuthi izindatshana zentatheli ziveze ukuthi: "UJesu uyinganekwane", futhi ngokuvamile kuphawulwa ukuthi iBhayibheli alithembekile njengobufakazi bomlando. Kodwa lezi zimangalo ziyehluleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ibheka emuva esikhathini eside esidlule kunemithombo eminingi "ethembekile". Izazi-mlando zivame ukucaphuna imibhalo yesazi-mlando uHerodotus njengobufakazi obuthembekile. Kodwa-ke, kunamakhophi ayisishiyagalombili kuphela aziwayo amazwi akhe, okwakamuva kakhulu okusukela ku-900 - cishe eminyakeni eyi-1.300 ngemuva kwesikhathi sakhe.

Uqhathanisa lokhu neTestamente Elisha “elehlisiwe,” elabhalwa ngemva nje kokufa nokuvuka kukaJesu. Umlando walo wakudala (ingxenye yeVangeli likaJohane) uhlehlela emuva phakathi kuka-125 no-130. Kunamakhophi angaphezu kuka-5.800 10.000 aphelele noma ayizicucu eTestamente Elisha ngesiGreki, angaba ngu-9.300  esiLatini angu  ngezinye izilimi. Ngithanda ukunethulela izingcaphuno ezintathu ezaziwayo ezigcizelela ubuqiniso bemifanekiso yempilo kaJesu.
Eyokuqala iya kusazi-mlando esingumJuda uFlavius ​​​​Josephus kusukela ku- 1. Ikhulu leminyaka emuva:

Ngalesi sikhathi uJesu waphila, indoda ehlakaniphile [...]. Ngoba wayengumzuzi wezenzo ezimangalisayo futhi engumfundisi wabo bonke abantu abalamukela ngenjabulo iqiniso. Ngakho wakhanga amaJuda amaningi kanye nabeZizwe abaningi. WayenguKristu. Futhi nakuba uPilatu, ngokugqugquzelwa abavelele kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakithi, wamgwebela ukufa esiphambanweni, abalandeli bakhe bangaphambili abazange bathembeke kuye. [...] Futhi abantu bamaKristu abazibiza ngemva kwakhe basekhona nanamuhla. [Antiquitates Judaicae, German: Jewish Antiquities, Heinrich Clementz (transl.)].

U-FF Bruce, owahumushela isiNgisi umbhalo wokuqala wesiLatini esiNgisini, wathi "kusazi-mlando esingakhethi ubuqiniso bomlando bukaKristu busekelwe ngokuqinile njengoJulius Caesars."
Isiqephu sesibili sibuyela emuva kusazi-mlando esingumRoma uCarius Cornelius Tacitus, naye owabhala imibhalo yakhe ekhulwini lokuqala. Ngokuphathelene nezinsolo zokuthi uNero washisa iRoma futhi kamuva wasola amaKristu ngakho, wabhala:

[...] UNero wabeka icala kwabanye futhi wajezisa labo bantu abantu ababebazonda futhi bababiza ngamaKristu ngenxa yonya lwabo. Igama layo, elithi Kristu, labulawa umbusi uPontiyu Pilatu phakathi nokubusa kukaTiberiyu. [...] Ngakho-ke, labo abavuma izono baboshwa kuqala, bese, esitatimendeni sabo, inani elikhulu labantu abalahlwa ngamacala amancane ngenxa yokushiswa kwecala ababebekwe icala kunokuba ngenxa yenzondo yabo evamile kubantu. (Annales, 15, 44; Ukuhumusha kwesiJalimane ngemva kuka-GF Strodtbeck, kuhlelwe ngu-E. Gottwein)

Isiqephu sesithathu sivela kuGaius Suetonius Tranquillus, isazi-mlando esisemthethweni saseRoma phakathi nokubusa kukaTrajan noHadrian. Encwadini eyabhalwa ngo-125 mayelana nokuphila kukaKhesari wokuqala abayishumi nambili, wabhala ngoKlawudiyu, owabusa kusukela ku-41 kuya ku-54:

AmaJuda, ayegqugquzelwa uCrestus futhi eqhubeka ebangela iziyaluyalu, wawaxosha eRoma. (I-Kaiserbiographien kaSueton, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Caesar, 25.4; ihunyushwe ngu-Adolf Stahr; phawula isipelingi esithi "Chrestus" sikaKristu.)

Inkulumo kaSuetonius ibhekisela ekwandeni kobuKristu eRoma ngaphambi kuka-54, ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili kuphela uJesu afa. Isazi saseBrithani seTestamente Elisha u-I. Howard Marshall sifinyelela esiphethweni lapho sicabangela lokhu nezinye izikhombo: “Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ukuvela kwesonto lobuKristu noma imibhalo yevangeli kanye nokugeleza kwesiko ngemva kwawo ngaphandle kokufana. isikhathi sivuma ukuthi umsunguli wobuKristu waphila ngempela.

Nakuba ezinye izazi zingabaza ubuqiniso bezingcaphuno ezimbili zokuqala futhi ezinye zize zicabange ukuthi zingamgunyathi wezandla zobuKristu, lezi zikhombo zisekelwe esisekelweni esiqinile. Kulo mongo kuyangijabulisa ukuzwa ukuphawula kwesazi-mlando uMichael Grant encwadini yakhe ethi Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels: “Lapho sikhuluma ngabasha Ukusebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo ezisencwadini yefa njengoba senza neminye imibhalo yasendulo ukuthi ziqukethe ukwaziswa okungokomlando - okufanele sikwenze - asinakuphika ukuthi uJesu ukhona njengoba singenakuphika ukuthi inani labantu abangamaqaba, ukuphila kwabo kweqiniso njengezibalo zomlando wangaleso sikhathi okungenakuphikwa kwakungatshazwa.

Nakuba abantu abangabazayo beshesha ukwenqaba lokho abangafuni ukukukholelwa, kukhona okuhlukile. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo uJohn Shelby Spong, esaziwa ngokuthanda ukungabaza nenkululeko, sabhala encwadini ethi Jesus for the Non-Religious: “UJesu wayengumuntu wokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu owayephila endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile. Umuntu onguJesu wayengeyona inganekwane, kodwa wayengumuntu ongokomlando okwavela kuye amandla amakhulu - amandla asadinga incazelo eyanele namuhla. "
Ngisho nanjengomuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, uCS Lewis wayebheka ukulandisa kweTestamente Elisha njengezinganekwane nje. Kodwa ngemva kokuyifunda yena ngokwakhe futhi eyiqhathanisa nezinganekwane zasendulo nezinsumansumane ezaziwa nguye, waqaphela ngokucacile ukuthi lemibhalo yayingahlangani ngalutho naleyo. Kunalokho, ngokwesimo nokuma kwazo, zazifana namafonti esikhumbuzo abonisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke komuntu wangempela. Ngemva kokuqaphela lokhu, umgoqo wokukholelwa wawuwile. Kusukela lapho, u-Lewis akabange esaba nenkinga yokukholelwa ukuthi iqiniso lomlando kaJesu liyiqiniso.

Abantu abaningi abangabazayo baphikisa ngokuthi njengomuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu u-Albert Einstein wayengakholelwa kuJesu. Nakuba ayengakholelwa “kuNkulunkulu womuntu siqu”, wayeqikelela ukuthi angaqali ukulwa nalabo abenza kanjalo; ngoba: “Inkolelo enjalo kimi ibonakala inhle kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi kunokuntuleka kwanoma yimuphi umbono ongaphezu kwemvelo.” UMax Jammer, u-Einstein no-Religion: Physics and Theology; German: Einstein and religion: physics and theology) U-Einstein, owakhula njengomJuda, wavuma ukuthi “wayenentshiseko ngomfanekiso wokukhanya komNazaretha”. Lapho ebuzwa omunye wabakhulumeli ukuthi uyakubona yini ukuba khona kukaJesu ngokomlando, waphendula: “Ngokungangabazeki. Akekho ongakwazi ukufunda amaVangeli ngaphandle kokuzwa ubukhona bukaJesu bangempela. Ubuntu bakhe buzwakala kuwo wonke amagama. Ayikho inganekwane egcwele impilo enjalo. Uhluke kangakanani, ngokwesibonelo, umbono esiwuthola endabeni yeqhawe lasendulo elidumile elinjengoTheseus. UTheus namanye amaqhawe alolu hlobo awanabo ubungqabavu bukaJesu bangempela. "(George Sylvester Viereck, The Saturday Evening Post, October 26, 1929, What Life Means to Einstein: An Interview)

Ngangingaqhubeka ngiqhubeke, kodwa njengoba isazi esingumRoma Katolika uRaymond Brown sabonisa ngokufanelekile, sigxila embuzweni wokuthi uJesu uyinganekwane yini kubangela abaningi ukuba balahlekelwe umbono weqiniso wevangeli. Encwadini ethi The Birth of the Messiah , uBrown ubalula ukuthi uvame ukusondela kuKhisimusi yilabo abafuna ukubhala isihloko mayelana nomlando wokuzalwa kukaJesu. Khona-ke, ngokuphumelela okuncane, ngizama ukubenza bakholelwe ukuthi bangaba usizo kakhulu ekuqondeni izindaba zokuzalwa kukaJesu ngokugxila esigijimini sabo kunasembuzweni owawungasondeli nakancane ekuqaleni kwabavangeli.” sigxile ekusakazeni indaba kaKhisimusi, ukuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu, kunokuba sizame ukukholisa abantu ukuthi uJesu wayengeyona inganekwane, siwubufakazi obuphilayo bokuba ngokoqobo kukaJesu. Lobo bufakazi obuphilayo yimpilo ayiphilayo manje kithi nasemphakathini wethu. Injongo eyinhloko yeBhayibheli akukhona ukufakazela ukunemba okungokomlando kokuba uJesu esesimweni somuntu, kodwa ukwabelana nabanye ngokuthi kungani eza nokuthi ukuza kwakhe kusho ukuthini kithi. UMoya oNgcwele usebenzisa iBhayibheli ukusiletha ekuxhumaneni kwangempela neNkosi esesimweni somuntu futhi evukile esisondeza kuye ukuze sikholwe kuye futhi sibonise inkazimulo kuBaba ngaye. UJesu weza emhlabeni njengobufakazi bothando lukaNkulunkulu komunye nomunye wethu (1 Joh 4,10). Ngezansi ezinye izizathu ezimbalwa zokuza kwakhe:

- Ukufuna nokusindisa okulahlekile (Luka 19,10).
- Ukusindisa izoni nokuzibizela ekuphendukeni (1 Thimothewu 1,15; Maka 2,17).
- Ukunikela ngokuphila komuntu ukuze kuhlengwe abantu (Mathewu 20,28).
- Ukufakazela iqiniso (Johane 18,37).
- Ukwenza intando kaBaba nokuholela abantwana abaningi enkazimulweni (Joh 5,30; amaHebheru 2,10).
- Ukuba ngukukhanya kwezwe, indlela, neqiniso, nokuphila (Joh 8,12; I-14,6).
- Ukushumayela izindaba ezinhle zombuso kaNkulunkulu (Luka 4,43).
- Ukugcwalisa umthetho (Mathewu 5,17).
- Ngoba uyise umthumile: “Ngokuba uNkulunkulu walithanda izwe kangaka, waze wanikela ngeNdodana yakhe ezelwe yodwa, ukuba bonke abakholwa yiyo bangabhubhi, kodwa babe nokuphila okuphakade. Ngoba uNkulunkulu kayithumanga iNdodana yakhe emhlabeni ukuthi yahlulele umhlaba, kodwa ukuze umhlaba usindiswe ngayo. Okholwa nguye kasoze ahlulelwa; kepha ongakholwayo usegwetshiwe, ngokuba akakholwa egameni leNdodana kaNkulunkulu ezelwe yodwa” (Johane 3,16-enye).

Kule nyanga sibungaza iqiniso lokuthi uNkulunkulu weza emhlabeni wethu ngoJesu. Kuhle ukuthi sizikhumbuze ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abalaziyo leli qiniso futhi sibizelwe ukuxoxa ngalo nabanye. Ngaphezu komuntu osemlandweni wangaleso sikhathi, uJesu uyiNdodana kaNkulunkulu eze ukuzobuyisana noYise ngoMoya oNgcwele. Lokho kwenza lesi sikhathi sibe yisikhathi senjabulo, sethemba, nesethembiso

nguJoseph Tkach

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