Audio
Lokho uDkt. UFaustus wayengazi
Uma usebenzisana nezincwadi zesiJalimane, awukwazi ukuziba inganekwane kaFaust. Abafundi abaningi be-Succession bezwa ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile ku-Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) phakathi nezinsuku zabo zesikole. U-Goethe wayazi inganekwane kaFaust ngokusebenzisa imibukiso yopopayi, eyayigxiliswe njengezindaba zokuziphatha esikweni laseYurophu kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngekhulu lama-20, uThomas Mann owazuza uMklomelo KaNobel wayivuselela indaba yendoda eyathengisa umphefumulo wayo kudeveli. Inganekwane kaFaust kanye nesivumelwano sikadeveli esihambisana nayo (ngesiNgisi lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Faustian bargain) kwalandela umqondo we-20. Century, isb. ngokuzinikela ku-National Socialism ngo-1933.
Indaba kaFaust iyavela nasezincwadini zesiNgisi. Imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi uChristopher Marlowe, umngane omkhulu kaWilliam Shakespeare, wabhala umbhalo ngo-1588 lapho uDkt. UJohannes Faust waseWittenberg, osekhathele izifundo eziyisicefe, wenza isivumelwano noLucifer: UFaust unikeza udeveli umphefumulo wakhe lapho efa, uma ngembuyiselo efeza isifiso njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. Izindikimba eziyinhloko enguqulweni yothando ka-Goethe ukunqoba kwesikhathi phezu kwe-Faust yomuntu, ukubalekela wonke amaqiniso kanye nolwazi lobuhle obuhlala njalo. Umsebenzi kaGoethe usenendawo eqinile ezincwadini zesiJalimane namuhla.
U-Will Durant ukuchaza ngale ndlela:
“UFaust nguyena uGoethe uqobo – ngisho nalapho bobabili bebengamashumi ayisithupha. NjengoGoethe, eneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha wayeshiseka ngobuhle nomusa. Ukulangazelela kwakhe kabili ukuhlakanipha nobuhle kwakugxile emphefumulweni kaGoethe. Lokhu kucabanga kwababekela inselele onkulunkulu abaphindiselayo, nokho kwakukuhle. UFaust noGoethe bobabili bathi “yebo” ekuphileni, ngokomoya nangokwenyama, ngokwefilosofi nangenjabulo.
Ukukha phezulu okubulalayo
Abahlaziyi abaningi bayakuqaphela ukucabangela kukaFaust amandla anjengonkulunkulu. UMarlowes Umlando obuhlungu kaDokotela uFaustus uqala ngokuthi umlingiswa oqavile edelela ulwazi aluthole ngesayensi emine (ifilosofi, imithi, umthetho kanye nemfundiso yenkolo). I-Wittenberg, vele, kwakuyisimo salokho okwenzeka kuMartin Luther futhi amazwi aphansi azwakalayo angeke ashaywe indiva. I-Theology yake yathathwa ngokuthi "iSayensi yeNdlovukazi". Kodwa yini ubuwula bokucabanga ukuthi umuntu usecwile lonke ulwazi angalufundiswa. Ukuntula kukaFaust ukujula kobuhlakani nomoya kwenza abafundi abaningi basheshe baphume kule ndaba.
Incwadi kaPawulu eya kwabaseRoma, uLuther ayibona njengesimemezelo sakhe senkululeko engokwenkolo, igqamile lapha: “Ngokuba babezishaya abahlakaniphileyo, baba yiziwula.” 1,22). Kamuva uPawulu ubhala ngokujula nengcebo umuntu okumelwe ahlangabezane nayo lapho efuna uNkulunkulu: “Yeka ukujula kwengcebo, nokuhlakanipha, nokwazi uNkulunkulu! Yeka ukuthi zingaqondakali kanjani izahlulelo zakhe nokuthi aziphenyeki kanjani izindlela zakhe! Ngoba “ngubani owawazi umqondo weNkosi, noma ngubani owayengumeluleki wayo?” (Rom 11,33-enye).
Iqhawe elibuhlungu
Kunobumpumputhe obujulile nobubulalayo eFaust, obusho ukuphela kwakhe okukabili. Ufuna amandla, ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi ingcebo emhlabeni. UMarlowe ubhala kanje: “ENdiya kufanele andizele eGolide, Amaparele aseMpumalanga agubha olwandle, Imihosha nemifantu yawo wonke umhlaba omusha, Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinhle, ukudla okumnandi kwenkosana; Kufanele ungifundele ukuhlakanipha okusha, Ikhabhinethi yamakhosi akwamanye amazwe yembule: “UMarlowes Faustus ubhalelwe isiteji ngakho-ke ukhombisa iqhawe elidabukisayo elifuna ukuvundulula, ukuhlola, ukukhulisa nokuthola izimfihlo zomhlaba owaziwayo nongaziwa ngendlela ehlaba umxhwele. Lapho eqala ukufuna ukuhlola ingqikithi yezulu nesihogo, uMephisto, isithunywa sikaLusifa, uphula umsebenzi ngokuthuthumela. uzama ukuthola eyakhe imizwa.Uncoma unkulunkulu njengesidalwa esihlanganisa konke nesisekela konke, ngoba kuGoethe umuzwa uyikho konke.Abagxeki abaningi bancoma inguqulo kaGoethe ye-Faust yango-1808 njengedrama engcono kakhulu kanye nezinkondlo ezihamba phambili iJalimane enazo. owake wakhiqiza Unayo. Ngisho noma uFaust ehudulelwa esihogweni nguMephisto ekugcineni, ziningi izinto ezinhle ezingazuzwa kule ndaba. NgoMarlowe umphumela omangalisayo uhlala isikhathi eside futhi uphetha ngokuziphatha. Phakathi nomdlalo, uFaustus wazizwa enesidingo sokubuyela kuNkulunkulu futhi avume amaphutha akhe kuye nakuye. Esenzweni sesibili uFaustus ubuza ukuthi sekwephuzile yini lokho futhi ingelosi embi iyakuqinisekisa lokhu kwesaba. Nokho, ingelosi enhle iyamkhuthaza futhi imtshela ukuthi akukephuzi kakhulu ukubuyela kuNkulunkulu. Ingelosi embi iphendula ngokuthi usathane uzomdwengula abe yizicucu uma ebuyela kuNkulunkulu. Kodwa ingelosi enhle ayiyeki ngokushesha futhi iyamqinisekisa ukuthi akukho nolulodwa unwele olungagoba uma ebuyela kuNkulunkulu. Khona-ke uFaustus ubiza uKristu kusukela ekujuleni komphefumulo wakhe njengoMhlengi wakhe futhi amcele ukuba asindise umphefumulo wakhe ogulayo.
Khona-ke uLusifa uvela nesexwayiso kanye nokuphambukisa okunobuqili ukudida udokotela oqeqeshiwe. ULusifa umethula ngezono eziyisikhombisa ezibulalayo: ukuzidla, ukuhaha, umona, intukuthelo, ukuminza, ubuvila nenkanuko. UFaustus kaMarlowe uphazamiseke kakhulu kulezinjabulo zenyama kangangokuthi ushiya indlela yokuphendukela kuNkulunkulu. Nansi isimilo sangempela sendaba ka-Marlowe ka-Faustus: Isono sika-Faustus akukhona nje ukugabadela kwakhe, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukubonakala kwakhe okungokomoya. OkaDkt. U-Kristin Leuschner we-Rand Corporation, lokhu kukha phezulu kuyisizathu sokuwa kwakhe, ngoba "uFaustus akakwazi ukuzwa unkulunkulu omkhulu ngokwanele ukuba amthethelele ngenxa yezenzo zakhe ezimbi".
Emaphuzwini ahlukene emdlalweni kaMarlowe, abangani bakaFaustus bayamnxusa ukuthi aphenduke, ngoba akukephuzi kakhulu. Kodwa uFaustus uphuphuthekiswe ukholo lwakhe olungekho - uNkulunkulu wobuKristu empeleni mkhulu kunalokho angakucabanga. Usemkhulu ngokwanele ukuthi angamxolela. UDkt. UFaustus, owagwema imfundiso yenkolo, ngaleyondlela wageja esinye sezimiso zeBhayibheli ezibaluleke kakhulu: “Bonke [abantu] bayizoni futhi bantula inkazimulo okufanele babe nayo kuNkulunkulu, futhi kuthiwe balungile ngomusa wakhe ngabo ngaphandle kosizo lweNsindiso eyafika. ngoKristu Jesu” (Rom 3,23f). Kubikwa eTestamenteni Elisha ukuthi uJesu wakhipha amademoni ayisikhombisa kowesifazane, futhi waba ngomunye wabafundi bakhe abathembeke kakhulu (Luka 8,32). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sifunda yiphi inguqulo yeBhayibheli, ukuntula ukukholelwa emseni kaNkulunkulu yinto sonke esibhekana nayo, sivame ukudala umfanekiso wethu kaNkulunkulu. Kodwa lokho kuwumbono omfishane kakhulu. UFaustus wayengeke azixolele, ngakho uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke angakwenza kanjani lokho? Lokho kunengqondo - kodwa kunengqondo engenasihawu.
Ushwele wezoni
Mhlawumbe ngamunye wethu uyozizwa ngendlela efanayo ngesinye isikhathi. Khona-ke kufanele sibe nesibindi ngoba isigijimi seBhayibheli sicacile. Zonke izono zingathethelelwa ngaphandle kwalezo ezimelene noMoya oNgcwele, futhi lelo qiniso lisemlayezweni wesiphambano. Umlayezo wezindaba ezinhle ukuthi umhlatshelo uKristu awenza ngenxa yethu wawubaluleke kakhulu kunesamba sezimpilo zethu zonke kanye nazo zonke izono zethu esake sazenza. Abanye abantu abakwamukeli intethelelo kaNkulunkulu futhi ngalokho bakhazimulisa izono zabo: “Icala lami likhulu kakhulu, likhulu kakhulu. UNkulunkulu akasoze angixolela."
Kodwa lokhu kucabanga akulungile. Umlayezo weBhayibheli usho umusa - umusa kuze kube sekupheleni. Izindaba ezinhle zevangeli ukuthi ushwele wasezulwini usebenza ngisho nakuzoni ezimbi kakhulu. UPawulu ngokwakhe ubhala kanjalo: “Leli liyiqiniso, liyizwi elifanele ukukholwa ukuthi uKristu Jesu weza ezweni ukusindisa izoni, engingowokuqala kuzo. Kodwa ngenxa yalokho ngiye ngaba nesihe, ukuze uKristu Jesu angibonise kuqala ukubekezela kwakho konke, njengesibonelo kulabo okufanele bakholwe kuye kuze kube ukuphila okuphakade ”(1. Tim1,15-enye).
UPowula uragela phambili atlola: “Kodwana lapho isono saba namandla, umusa unamandla amakhulu.” (Rom 5,20). Umlayezo ucacile: indlela yomusa ihlala ikhululekile, ngisho nasesoni esibi kakhulu. Lapho uDkt. UFaustus wayekuqonda ngempela lokho.
nguNeil Earle
