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UNkulunkulu onguZiqu-zintathu
Ngokobufakazi bomBhalo, uNkulunkulu ungowaphezulu kubantu abathathu baphakade, abafanayo kodwa abahlukene, uYise, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele. Uwukuphela kukaNkulunkulu weqiniso, ongunaphakade, ongaguquki, onamandla onke, wazi konke, okhona yonke indawo. Ungumdali wezulu nomhlaba, umgcini wendawo yonke nomthombo wensindiso yomuntu. Nakuba evelele, uNkulunkulu usebenza ngokuqondile nangomuntu mathupha kubantu. UNkulunkulu uluthando nobuhle obungapheli. (Marku 12,29; 1. UThimothi 1,17; Kwabase-Efesu 4,6; Mathewu 28,19; 1. UJohannes 4,8; 5,20; Thithu 2,11; Johane 16,27; 2. AbaseKorinte 13,13; 1. AbaseKorinte 8,4-6)
Akusebenzi nje
UYise unguNkulunkulu neNdodana inguNkulunkulu, kodwa munye kuphela uNkulunkulu. Lona akuwona umndeni noma ikomidi lezidalwa zaphezulu - iqembu alikwazi ukuthi, "akekho ofana nami" (Isaya 4)3,10; I-44,6; I-45,5). UNkulunkulu uyisidalwa saphezulu kuphela - ngaphezu komuntu, kodwa unguNkulunkulu kuphela. AmaKristu okuqala awazange awuthole lo mbono enkolweni yobuqaba noma ifilosofi - ayephoqwa ukuba enze kanjalo ngemibhalo.
Njengoba nje imibhalo ifundisa ukuthi uKristu ungowaphezulu, ifundisa nokuthi uMoya oNgcwele ungokobunkulunkulu futhi ungowomuntu uqobo. Noma yini eyenziwa nguMoya oNgcwele, uNkulunkulu uyayenza. UMoya oNgcwele unguNkulunkulu njengeNdodana futhi uYise - abantu abathathu abamunye ngokuphelele kuNkulunkulu munye: uZiqu-zintathu.
Kungani kufanele ufunde inkolo?
Ungangikhulumisi ngemfundiso yenkolo. Vele ungifundise iBhayibheli.” KumKristu ovamile, imfundiso yenkolo ingase izwakale njengento eyinkimbinkimbi ngokungenakuthenjwa, edida ngendlela ekhungathekisayo, futhi engabalulekile neze. Noma ubani angakwazi ukufunda iBhayibheli. Ngakho kungani sidinga izazi zenkolo eziqhoshayo ezinemisho yazo emide nezinkulumo eziyinqaba?
Inkolelo yokufuna ukuqonda
Imfundiso yenkolo ibizwe ngokuthi “ukholo olufuna ukuqonda.” Ngamanye amazwi, njengamaKristu siyamethemba uNkulunkulu, kodwa uNkulunkulu wasidala saba nesifiso sokuqonda ukuthi simethemba bani nokuthi kungani simethemba. Yilapho imfundiso yenkolo ingena khona. Igama elithi “imfundiso yenkolo” livela enhlanganisela yamagama amabili esiGreki, elithi theos, elisho uNkulunkulu, nelithi logia, elisho ulwazi noma ukufunda—ukufunda ngoNkulunkulu.
Isetshenziswe kahle, imfundiso yenkolo ingasebenzela isonto ngokulwa namahlubuka noma izimfundiso zamanga. Lokho kusho, ngoba iningi lezinkolelo zokuhlubuka zivela ekuqondeni okungalungile ngokuthi uNkulunkulu ungubani, emibonweni engavumelani nendlela uNkulunkulu azembula ngayo eBhayibhelini. Ukushunyayelwa kwevangeli yibandla kumele nakanjani kuhlale esisekelweni esiqinile sokuzembula kukaNkulunkulu.
ukubhebhana
Ulwazi noma ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu kuyinto thina bantu esingakwazi ukuzicabangela yona. Ukuphela kwendlela esingathola ngayo noma yini eyiqiniso ngoNkulunkulu ukuzwa lokho uNkulunkulu asitshela khona ngaye. Indlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke uNkulunkulu akhethe ukuziveza kithi ngeBhayibheli, iqoqo lemibhalo ehlanganiswe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMoya oNgcwele. Kepha noma ukutadisha ngenkuthalo iBhayibheli akunakusinikeza ukuqonda okufanele ukuthi ungubani uNkulunkulu.
Sidinga okungaphezu kokufunda - sidinga uMoya oNgcwele ukuze sikwazi izingqondo zethu ukuqonda lokho uNkulunkulu akwembulayo ngaye eBhayibhelini. Ekugcineni, ulwazi lweqiniso ngoNkulunkulu lungavela kuphela kuNkulunkulu, hhayi kuphela ngokufunda komuntu, ukubonisana kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho.
Isonto linesibopho esiqhubekayo sokubuyekeza ngokucophelela izinkolelo zalo nemikhuba yalo ngokukhanya kwesambulo sikaNkulunkulu. Imfundiso yenkolo yindlela eqhubekayo yenkolo yobuKristu yokufuna iqiniso njengoba ifuna ngokuthobeka ukuhlakanipha kukaNkulunkulu futhi ilandele ukuholwa nguMoya oNgcwele kulo lonke iqiniso. Kuze kube yilapho uKristu ebuya ngenkazimulo, isonto alikwazi ukucabanga ukuthi usewufezile umgomo wakhe.
Kungakho imfundiso yenkolo kungafanele ibe ukuguqula nje inkolo nezimfundiso zeSonto, kepha kufanele kube inqubo engapheli yokuzihlola. Yilapho kuphela simi ekukhanyeni okungcwele kwemfihlakalo kaNkulunkulu lapho sithola khona ulwazi lweqiniso ngoNkulunkulu.
UPawulu wabiza imfihlakalo kaNkulunkulu ngokuthi “uKristu phakathi kwenu, ithemba lenkazimulo” (Kolose 1,27), imfihlakalo ukuthi kwakumjabulisa uNkulunkulu ngoKristu “ukubuyisela konke kuye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemhlabeni noma kusezulwini, ngokwenza ukuthula ngegazi lakhe esiphambanweni” ( Kolose 1,20).
Ukushumayela nokwenza kwebandla lobuKrestu ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakudinga ukuthi kuhlolisiswe futhi kwenziwe kahle, kwesinye isikhathi kube nezinguquko ezinkulu, njengoba kwakukhula emseni nasolwazini lweNkosi uJesu Kristu.
Imfundiso yenkolo enamandla
Igama eliguqukayo igama elihle lokuchaza lo mzamo oqhubekayo webandla lobuKristu ukuzibuka kanye nomhlaba ngokukhanya kokuzembula kukaNkulunkulu bese uvumela uMoya oNgcwele ukuba uvumelane ngokufanele ube yisizwe esibuye siveze futhi simemezele lokho UNkulunkulu unguye ngempela. Sibona le mfanelo enamandla kwimfundiso yenkolo kuwo wonke umlando wesonto. Abaphostoli babuye bahumusha kabusha imibhalo lapho bememezela uJesu njengoMesiya.
Isenzo esisha sikaNkulunkulu sokuzibonakalisa kuJesu Kristu sethule iBhayibheli ngokukhanya okusha, ukukhanya okwakubonwa abaphostoli ngoba uMoya oNgcwele wawavula amehlo abo. Ngekhulu lesine leminyaka, u-Athanasius, uMbhishobhi wase-Alexandria, wasebenzisa amagama achazayo eziVumelweni ezazingekho eBhayibhelini ukusiza abahedeni baqonde incazelo yesambulo sikaNkulunkulu seBhayibheli. Ngekhulu le-16, uJohn Calvin noMartin Luther balwela ukuvuselelwa kwesonto ngokwedinga leqiniso leBhayibheli lokuthi insindiso iza ngomusa kuphela ngokukholwa kuJesu Kristu.
Ngekhulu le-18, uJohn McLeod Campbell wazama iSonto LaseScotland umbono omncane
ukukhulisa imvelo yokuhlawulelwa kukaJesu [ukubuyisana] kwesintu wase ekhishwa ngenxa yemizamo yakhe.
Enkathini yanamuhla, akekho oye waphumelela kakhulu ekubizeleni ibandla emfundisweni yenkolo enamandla esekelwe okholweni oluqinile njengoKarl Barth, “owabuyisela iBhayibheli eYurophu” ngemva kokuba imfundiso yenkolo yamaProthestani ekhululekile isiligwinye lonke ibandla ngokuketula ubuntu. Yokukhanyiselwa futhi kwalolongwa imfundiso yenkolo yesonto eJalimane.
Lalela uNkulunkulu
Noma nini lapho isonto lehluleka ukuzwa izwi likaNkulunkulu futhi kunalokho linikezela ekuqageleni nasekuqageleni kwalo, liba buthakathaka futhi lingasebenzi. Ilahlekelwa ukufaneleka emehlweni alabo elizama ukufinyelela kubo ngevangeli. Kuyafana futhi nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba kaKristu lapho isongwa ngemibono namasiko ayo. Iyabambeka phansi, ibhajwe noma i-static, okuphambene namandla, futhi ilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwayo ekushumayeleni ivangeli.
Uma lokho kwenzeka, isonto liqala ukuhlukana noma ukuwa, amaKrestu ahlukane, futhi umyalo kaJesu wokuthandana awusekho emuva. Lapho-ke ukushunyayelwa kwevangeli kuba yisethi yamagama nje, isithembiso nesitatimende abantu abamane basivume. Amandla ayisisekelo okunikela ukuphulukiswa kwengqondo enesono alahlekelwa ngumthelela wawo. Ubudlelwano buba bangaphandle futhi bungaphezulu kokusobala futhi buntula ukuxhumana okujulile nobunye noJesu kanye nomunye, lapho ukuphulukiswa kwangempela, ukuthula nenjabulo kube ngamathuba wangempela. Inkolo eqinile iyisithiyo esingavimbela amakholwa ekubeni ngabantu bangempela uNkulunkulu ayehlose ukuthi babe kuJesu Kristu.
"Ukumiselwa Okubili"
Imfundiso yokhetho noma ukumiselwa okuphindwe kabili kade kuyimfundiso ehlukile noma ehlonzayo esikweni lemfundiso yenkolo Eguquliwe (isiko lisitshekelwe nguJohn Calvin). Le mfundiso kaningi ibingaqondwa kahle, ihlanekezelwe, futhi iye yaba imbangela yezingxabano nokuhlupheka okungapheli. UCalvin ngokwakhe wabhekana nalo mbuzo, futhi imfundiso yakhe ngawo yahunyushwa abaningi ngokuthi, “Kusukela phakade uNkulunkulu wabamisela ngaphambili abanye ensindisweni, abanye ekubhujisweni.
Le ncazelo yakamuva yemfundiso yokhetho ivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "i-hyper-Calvinism." Ikhuthaza umbono ongenakugwenywa ngoNkulunkulu njengomashiqela wangamabomu nesitha senkululeko yomuntu. Umbono onjalo ngalemfundiso uwenza kube yizindaba ezinhle ezimenyezelwa ekwambuleni kukaNkulunkulu ngoJesu Kristu. Ubufakazi beBhayibheli buchaza umusa kaNkulunkulu wokukhetha njengomangalisayo kodwa ongenalo unya! UNkulunkulu, othanda ngesihle, unikela ngesihle umusa wakhe kubo bonke abawutholayo.
UKarl Barth
Ukulungisa i-hyper-Calvinism, isazi semfundiso yenkolo esidumile seReformed sesonto lesimanje, uKarl Barth, waphinde wahlela kabusha imfundiso yeNguquko yokhetho ngokugxila ekukhethweni kuJesu Kristu. KuVolumu II weMfundiso yakhe yeSonto, wabeka imfundiso ephelele yebhayibheli yokhetho ngendlela ehambisana nalo lonke uhlelo lokuzibonakalisa kukaNkulunkulu. UBarth ukhombise ngokugcizelela ukuthi imfundiso yokhetho inenhloso enkulu kumongo kaZiqu-zintathu: ithi imisebenzi kaNkulunkulu ekudalweni, ekubuyisaneni, nasekuhlengweni ifezeka ngokuphelele emseni kaNkulunkulu wamahhala owembulwe kuJesu Kristu. Iqinisekisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu onguZiqu-zintathu, obehlala emphakathini onothando ingunaphakade, angathanda ukufaka abanye kulo mphakathi ngenxa yomusa. UMdali noMhlengi ulangazelela kakhulu ubudlelwane nendalo yakhe. Futhi ubudlelwano bunamandla ngokwemvelo, abumi ndawonye, abufriziwe, futhi abuguquki.
Encwadini yakhe ethi Dogmatics, lapho uBarth aphinde acubungula khona imfundiso yokhetho ngoZiqu-zintathu onguMdali-Mhlengi, wayibiza ngokuthi "isamba sevangeli." KuKristu, uNkulunkulu wakhetha sonke isintu ebuhlotsheni besivumelwano ukuba sihlanganyele empilweni Yakhe yokuhlanganyela, ekhetha ngokuzithandela nangomusa ukuba uNkulunkulu ongowesintu.
UJesu Kristu uyikho kokubili okhethiweyo nonqatshiwe ngenxa yethu, futhi ukukhethwa komuntu ngamunye nokulahlwa kungaqondwa kuphela njengokwangempela kuye. Ngamanye amazwi, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu iyona esikhethelwe yona. Njengomuntu okhethwe umhlaba wonke, okhethwe esikhundleni sakhe, okhethweni olumelene nesikhathi esisodwa ukwahlulelwa ukufa (isiphambano) endaweni yethu kanye nokuphila okuphakade (uvuko) endaweni yethu. Lo msebenzi wokubuyisana kaJesu Kristu esenyameni wapheleliswa ukuze kuhlengwe isintu esinesono.
Ngakho-ke kufanele sithi yebo kuyebo kaNkulunkulu ngathi kuKristu Jesu futhi samukele futhi siqale ukuhlala enjabulweni nasekukhanyeni kwalokho esesivele sikutholile - ubunye, ubudlelwane nokuhlanganyela naye endalweni entsha.
Indalo entsha
Ngokunikela kwakhe okubalulekile eMfundisweni Yokhetho, uBarth uyabhala:
“Ngokuba ebunyeni [ubunye] bukaNkulunkulu nalo muntu oyedwa, uJesu Kristu, ubonise uthando nobunye bakhe nabo bonke. Kulowo wathatha isono necala labo bonke, ngakho wabasindisa bonke ngobulungisa obuphakeme ekwahlulelweni abakuthola ngokufanelekile, ukuze abe yinduduzo yeqiniso yabo bonke abantu.”
Konke sekuguqukile esiphambanweni. Yonke indalo, noma ngabe iyazi noma cha, isibe, isazohlengwa, iguqulwe futhi yenziwe ntsha kuJesu Kristu [esikhathini esizayo]. Kuyena siba yisidalwa esisha.
UThomas F. Torrance, umfundi ophakeme notolika kaKarl Barth, waba ngumhleli lapho inkolelo kaBarth yesonto ihunyushelwa esiNgisini. UTorrrance wayekholelwa ukuthi uMqulu II wayengomunye wemisebenzi yenkolo enhle kunazo zonke ezake zabhalwa. Uvumelane noBarth ukuthi sonke isintu sihlengiwe futhi sisindiswe kuKristu. Encwadini yakhe ethi, The Mediation of Christ, uProfesa Torrance ubeka isambulo seBhayibheli sokuthi uJesu, ngempilo yakhe yokufa, ukufa, nokuvuka kwakhe, wayengeyena kuphela umlamuli wethu ohlawulelayo, kodwa futhi wayeyimpendulo ephelele emseni kaNkulunkulu.
UJesu uthathe ukuphuka kwethu nokwahlulela kwethu, wasithatha isono, ukufa nobubi ukuze ahlenge indalo kuwo wonke amazinga, futhi aguqule konke okusiphikisayo kube isidalwa esisha. Sikhululiwe esimweni sethu esonakele nesidlubulundela ebudlelwaneni obungaphakathi kuLowo osilungisisayo futhi osingcwelisayo.
U-Torrance uqhuba ngokuthi "ongamukeli yilowo ongelapheki". Lokho uKristu angazange akuthathele kuye akuzange kusindiswe. UJesu wathatha ingqondo yethu ehlukanisiwe naye, waba yilokho esiyikho ukuze sibuyisane noNkulunkulu. Ngokwenza kanjalo, wahlanza, welapha, futhi wangcwelisa isintu esinesono ekujuleni kobuntu baso ngesenzo Sakhe sothando esinamandla sokuba senyameni ngenxa yethu.
Esikhundleni sokona njengawo wonke umuntu, uJesu wasilahla isono enyameni yethu ngokuphila impilo yobungcwele obuphelele enyameni yethu, futhi ngobudodana baKhe bokulalela waguqula ubuntu bethu obunenzondo nokungalaleli baba ubuhlobo bangempela, obunothando noBaba.
ENdodaneni, uNkulunkulu onguZiqu-zintathu wathatha imvelo yethu yobuntu yaba yiyo futhi ngalokho waguqula imvelo yethu. Wasihlenga wasibuyisana. Ngokwenza imvelo yethu enesono ibe ngeyakhe futhi ayiphulukise, uJesu Kristu waba ngumlamuleli phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nesintu esiwile.
Ukukhethwa kwethu kumuntu oyedwa uJesu Kristu kugcwalisa injongo kaNkulunkulu yendalo futhi kuchaza uNkulunkulu njengoNkulunkulu othanda ngokukhululekile. UTorrance uyachaza ukuthi “wonke umusa” akusho ukuthi “akekho esintwini” kodwa, wonke umusa usho sonke isintu. Lokho kusho ukuthi asikwazi nokubambelela kuphesenti elilodwa lethu.
Ngomusa ngokukholwa sihlanganyela nothando lukaNkulunkulu ngendalo ngezindlela ezazingenakwenzeka phambilini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sithanda abanye njengoba uNkulunkulu esithanda, ngoba ngomusa uKristu ungakithi futhi sikuye. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngaphakathi kwesimangaliso sendalo entsha. Isambulo sikaNkulunkulu esintwini sivela kuYise ngeNdodana kuMoya oNgcwele, futhi isintu esihlengiwe manje siphendula [siphendula] ngokukholwa kuMoya ngeNdodana kuYise. Sibizelwe ebungcweleni kuKristu. Kuyena sijabulela inkululeko esonweni, ekufeni, ebubini, ebunzimeni nasesahlulelweni esasimelene nathi. Sibuyisa uthando lukaNkulunkulu ngathi ngokubonga, ukukhonza, kanye nomsebenzi emphakathini wokholo. Kubo bonke ubudlelwano bakhe bokuphulukisa nokusindisa nathi, uJesu Kristu ubandakanyekile ukusiguqula thina ngabanye nokusenza sibe ngabantu - okusho ukuthi, ukusenza sibe ngabantu bangempela kuye. Kubo bonke ubudlelwano bethu naye, usenza sibe ngokoqobo futhi sibe ngabantu ngokuphelele ekuphenduleni kwethu okholweni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngamandla wokudala kaMoya oNgcwele ongaphakathi kwethu njengoba esihlanganisa nobuntu obuphelele beNkosi uJesu Kristu.
Wonke umusa empeleni usho [ukuba] naso sonke isintu. Umusa kaJesu Kristu, obethelwe esiphambanweni wavuswa, awusilulazi isintu abeze ukusindisa. Umusa kaNkulunkulu ongacabangeki uveza konke esiyikho nesikwenzayo. Ngisho nasekuphendukeni nasekukholweni kwethu, asinakuthembela empendulweni yethu [impendulo], kepha sincike empendulweni uKristu ayinikeze uYise ngathi nakithi! Ebuntwini bakhe, uJesu waba yindlela yethu yokuphendula uNkulunkulu ezintweni zonke kubandakanya ukukholwa, ukuguquka, ukukhonza, ukugubha amasakramente nokushumayela ivangeli.
Kuzitshiwe
Ngeshwa, uKarl Barth wayezitshwa indiva noma echazwe kabi ngabashumayeli bevangeli baseMelika, kanti uThomas Torrance uvame ukuvezwa ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda. Kodwa ukwehluleka ukwazisa isimo esiguqukayo semfundiso yenkolo esenzeka ekusebenziseni kabusha kukaBarth Imfundiso Yokhetho kubangela ukuthi abavangeli abaningi, kubandakanya namaKhristu Aguqukile, bahlale ogibeni lokuziphatha, belwela ukuqonda ukuthi uNkulunkulu udwebela kuphi umugqa phakathi kokuziphatha komuntu nokusindiswa.
Umgomo omkhulu weNguquko weNguquko eqhubekayo kufanele usikhulule kuyo yonke imibono yezwe emidala nasezimfundisweni zenkolo ezisekelwe ekuziphatheni ezithiya ukukhula, ezikhuthaza ukuntengantenga, futhi zivimbele ukusebenzisana kwamasonto nomzimba kaKristu. Nokho, ingabe iBandla namuhla alizitholi livame ukuphucwa injabulo yensindiso kuyilapho lihlanganyela “esibhakeleni esinethunzi” nazo zonke izinhlobo zalo ezihlukahlukene zokulandela umthetho? Ngalesi sizathu iBandla alivamisile ukuba liphawulwe njengesisekelo sokwahlulela nokukhethekile kunokuba libe yisivumelwano somusa.
Sonke sinemfundiso yenkolo - indlela esicabanga ngayo ngoNkulunkulu futhi simqonde - noma ngabe siyayazi noma cha. Imfundiso yethu yenkolo ithinta indlela esicabanga ngayo futhi siqonde ngayo umusa nensindiso kaNkulunkulu.
Uma inkolo yethu inamandla futhi inobuhlobo, sizovuleleka ezwini likaNkulunkulu elihlala likhona lensindiso, ngomusa asinika lona ngobuningi ngoJesu Kristu kuphela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inkolo yethu imile, siba yinkolo yezomthetho, des
Ukwahlulela nokujama ngokomoya kuyabuna.
Esikhundleni sokwazi uJesu ngendlela esebenzayo nenempela yokuqhakambisa bonke ubudlelwano bethu nesihe, ukubekezela, umusa, nokuthula, sizothola ukwahlulelwa, ukukhethelwa, kanye nokulahlwa yilabo abehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zethu zobungcwele ezichazwe ngokucophelela.
Indalo entsha enkululekweni
Imfundiso yenkolo yenza umehluko. Ukuthi simqonda kanjani uNkulunkulu kuthinta indlela esiyiqonda ngayo insindiso nokuthi sihola kanjani impilo yobuKristu. UNkulunkulu akasona isiboshwa somqondo omile, ocatshangwe ngumuntu wokuthi kumele abe kanjani noma kufanele abe kanjani.
Abantu abakwazi ukucabanga ngokunengqondo ukuthi ungubani uNkulunkulu nokuthi kufanele abe ngubani. UNkulunkulu usitshela ukuthi ungubani nokuthi unjani, futhi ukhululekile ukuba abe yilokho kanye afuna ukuba yikho, futhi uziveze kithi kuJesu Kristu njengoNkulunkulu, osithandayo, ongakithi, futhi wakhethwa ukwenza injongo yesintu - kufaka phakathi eyakho neyami - yakhe.
KuJesu Kristu sikhululekile ezingqondweni zethu ezinesono, ekuziqhayiseni, nasekuphelelweni yithemba, futhi senziwe kabusha ngomusa ukuzwa ukuthula kukaShalom ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe kothando.
UTerry Akers noMichael Feazell
