UbuNkulunkulu bukaMoya oNgcwele

UbuKrestu bufundisa ngokwesiko ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele ungumuntu wesithathu noma i-hypostasis yobuNkulunkulu. Nokho, abanye baye bafundisa ukuthi uMoya Ongcwele ungamandla angaphili asetshenziswa uNkulunkulu. Ingabe uMoya oNgcwele unguNkulunkulu noma amandla kaNkulunkulu nje? Ake sihlole imfundiso yeBhayibheli.

1. UbuNkulunkulu bukaMoya oNgcwele

Isingeniso: UmBhalo ukhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe ngoMoya oNgcwele, owaziwa ngokuthi uMoya kaNkulunkulu noMoya kaJesu Kristu. UmBhalo uphakamisa ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele ungowomdabu kanye noBaba neNdodana. Izimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu zibhekiselwa kuMoya oNgcwele, ulinganiswa noNkulunkulu futhi wenza umsebenzi ongenziwa uNkulunkulu kuphela.

A. Izimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu

  • Ubungcwele: Ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-90 iBhayibheli libiza uMoya kaNkulunkulu ngokuthi “uMoya oNgcwele”. Ubungcwele buyimfanelo ebalulekile yengqondo. UMoya ungcwele kangangokuthi ukuhlambalaza uMoya oNgcwele akunakuthethelelwa, nakuba ukuhlambalaza uJesu kungathethelelwa (Mathewu 11,32). Ukuthuka uMoya kuyisono njengokunyathela iNdodana kaNkulunkulu (Hebheru 10,29). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umoya ngokwemvelo ungcwele, ungcwele ngokwemvelo, kunokuba ube ngcwele noma obunye ubungcwele obufana nethempeli elalinabo. Umoya futhi unezimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu ezingapheli: isikhathi esingenamkhawulo, indawo, amandla nolwazi.
  • Phakade: UMoya oNgcwele, uMduduzi (usizo), uyoba nathi kuze kube phakade (Joh 1)4,16). Umoya ungowaphakade (AmaHeberu 9,14).
  • Ukuba Kuyo yonke indawo: UDavide, edumisa ubukhulu bukaNkulunkulu, wabuza, “Ngingayaphi ngisuka emoyeni wakho, ngibalekele kuphi ebusweni bakho na? Lapho ngikhuphukela ezulwini, ulapho wena” (IHubo 13).9,7-8). Umoya kaNkulunkulu, uDavide awusebenzisayo njengelimelela ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu ngokwakhe, usezulwini kanye nabafileyo (eShiyoli, v. 8), empumalanga nasentshonalanga (v. 9) Kungashiwo ukuthi umoya kaNkulunkulu ungowokugcina phezu kothile kuthululwa, ukuthi igcwalisa umuntu, noma ukuthi wehla - kodwa ngaphandle okubonisa ukuthi umoya wasuka endaweni noma wanikela kwenye indawo. UThomas Oden uthi “izinkulumo ezinjalo zisekelwe esisekelweni sokuthi ukhona yonke indawo kanye nobuphakade, izimfanelo ezishiwo ngokufanelekile kuNkulunkulu kuphela”.
  • Umninimandla Onke: Imisebenzi eyenziwa uNkulunkulu, njenge B. Indalo nayo kuthiwa ivela kuMoya oNgcwele (Jobe 33,4; IHubo 104,30). Izimangaliso zikaJesu Kristu zafezwa “ngoMoya” (Mathewu 12,28). Enkonzweni kaPawulu yobuthunywa bevangeli, umsebenzi “uKristu awenza wafezwa ngamandla kaMoya kaNkulunkulu.”
  • Ukwazi konke: “UMoya uphenya zonke izinto, ngisho nokujula kobuNkulunkulu,” kubhala uPawulu.1. AbaseKorinte 2,10). Umoya kaNkulunkulu “uyazazi izinto zikaNkulunkulu” ( ivesi 11 ). Ngakho-ke uMoya wazi zonke izinto futhi uyakwazi ukufundisa zonke izinto (Johane 14,26).

Ubungcwele, ingunaphakade, ukuba khona yonke indawo, ukuba namandla onke kanye nokwazi konke kuyizici zengqikithi kaNkulunkulu, okungukuthi, ziyisici sengqikithi yobukhona bobunkulunkulu. UMoya oNgcwele unalezi zimpawu ezibalulekile zikaNkulunkulu.

B. Ulingana noNkulunkulu

  • Imisho ethi “Bathathu Emnye”: Imibhalo eyengeziwe ichaza uYise, iNdodana, noMoya oNgcwele njengabalinganayo. Engxoxweni yezipho zomoya, uPawulu uchaza uMoya, iNkosi, noNkulunkulu ngamagama ahambisanayo (1. AbaseKorinte 12,4-6). UPawulu uphetha incwadi ngomthandazo onezingxenye ezintathu: “Umusa weNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu, nothando lukaNkulunkulu, nokuhlangana kukaMoya oNgcwele makube nani nonke.” ( 2 Kor.3,14). UPawulu uqala incwadi ngesakhiwo esinezingxenye ezintathu ezilandelayo: “... lowo uNkulunkulu uBaba amkhethileyo ngokungcweliswa kukaMoya ekumlaleleni nasekufafazweni ngegazi likaJesu Kristu” (1. UPetrus 1,2).Yebo, lezi zinkulumo ezingoziqu-zintathu ezisetshenziswe kule miBhalo noma kweminye azikubonisi ukulingana, kodwa ziyakubonisa. Indlela yokubhabhadiswa iphakamisa ubunye ngamandla amakhulu: "... nibabhabhadise egameni (elilodwa) likaYise, neleNdodana, nelikaMoya oNgcwele" (Mathewu 2)8,19). Ubaba, indodana kanye nomoya banegama elivamile, elibonisa ingqikithi efanayo nokulingana. Leli vesi libhekisela kukho kokubili ubuningi nobunye. Amagama amathathu ashiwo, kodwa womathathu anegama elivamile.
  • Ukuxoxisana ngamazwi: KuzEnzo 5,3 sifunda ukuthi u-Ananiya waqamba amanga kuMoya oNgcwele. Ivesi 4 lithi waqamba amanga kuNkulunkulu. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi “uMoya oNgcwele” kanye “noNkulunkulu” ayashintshana ngakho-ke uMoya oNgcwele unguNkulunkulu. Abanye abantu bazama ukukuchaza lokhu ngokuthi u-Ananiya waqamba amanga ngokungaqondile kuNkulunkulu ngoba uMoya oNgcwele umele uNkulunkulu. Lokhu kuhumusha kungase kwenzeke ngokohlelo lolimi, kodwa kungabonisa ubuntu bukaMoya oNgcwele, ngoba umuntu akawaqambi amanga emandleni angenabuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru watshela u-Ananiya ukuthi wayengaqambanga amanga kubantu kodwa kuNkulunkulu. Amandla alombhalo ukuthi u-Ananiya akaqambanga amanga kubameleli bakaNkulunkulu nje kuphela kodwa kuNkulunkulu ngokwakhe - futhi uMoya oNgcwele u-Ananiya aqamba amanga kuye unguNkulunkulu. 
    Okunye ukushintshana kwamagama kungatholakala ku 1. AbaseKorinte 3,16 futhi 6,19. AmaKristu akuwona kuphela ithempeli likaNkulunkulu, kodwa futhi angamathempeli kaMoya oNgcwele; la magama amabili asho into efanayo. Yebo, ithempeli liyindawo yokuhlala kankulunkulu, aliyona indawo yokuhlala yamandla angenabuntu. Lapho uPawulu ebhala “ithempeli likaMoya oNgcwele,” wayesho ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele unguNkulunkulu.
    Esinye isibonelo sokulingana ngamazwi phakathi kukaNkulunkulu noMoya oNgcwele sitholakala kuZenzo 13,2: “...wathi uMoya oNgcwele: Ngahlukaniseleni oBarnaba noSawulu, baye emsebenzini engibabizele wona.” Lapha uMoya oNgcwele ukhulumela uNkulunkulu, njengoNkulunkulu. Ngendlela efanayo sifunda kumaHeberu 3,7-11 ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele uthi ama-Israyeli "wangilinga futhi wangivivinya"; uMoya oNgcwele uthi, “...ngathukuthela... kabayikungena ekuphumuleni kwami.” UMoya oNgcwele uhlanganiswa noNkulunkulu ka-Israyeli. IsiHebheru 10,15-17 ulinganisa uMoya neNkosi owenza isivumelwano esisha. Umoya owaphefumulela abaprofethi nguNkulunkulu. Lona umsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele osiletha esigabeni sethu esilandelayo.

C. Umsebenzi waphezulu

  • Dala: UMoya oNgcwele wenza umsebenzi ongenziwa nguNkulunkulu kuphela, njengokudala (1. mose 1,2; Jobe 33,4; IHubo 104,30) futhi bakhipha amademoni (Mathewu 12,28).
  • OFakazi: UMoya wazala iNdodana kaNkulunkulu (Mathewu 1,20; Luka 1,35) futhi ubunkulunkulu obugcwele beNdodana bubonisa ubunkulunkulu obuphelele bomuntu oqalayo.UMoya futhi uzala amakholwa - bazalwa nguNkulunkulu (Johane 1,13) futhi ngokulinganayo bazalwa ngoMoya (Johannes 3,5). “NguMoya onika ukuphila (okuphakade)” (Joh 6,63). UMoya ungamandla esivuswa ngawo (KwabaseRoma 8,11).
  • Ukuhlala: UMoya oNgcwele uyindlela uNkulunkulu ahlala ngayo ebantwaneni bakhe (Efe2,22; 1. UJohannes 3,24; 4,13). UMoya oNgcwele “uhlala” kithi (Roma 8,11; 1. AbaseKorinte 3,16) - futhi ngoba uMoya uhlala kithi, singasho ukuthi uNkulunkulu uhlala kithi. Singasho nje ukuthi uNkulunkulu uhlala kithi ngoba uMoya oNgcwele uhlala kithi ngendlela ethile. UMoya akasiye ummeleli noma amandla ahlala ngaphakathi kwethu - uNkulunkulu uqobo uhlala ngaphakathi kwethu. UGeoffrey Bromiley ufinyelela isiphetho esiqondile lapho ethi: "Ukuba nokusebenzelana noMoya oNgcwele, hhayi ngaphansi kukaBaba neNdodana, kuwukusebenzelana noNkulunkulu."
  • Abangcwele: UMoya oNgcwele wenza abantu babe ngcwele (KwabaseRoma 15,16; 1. UPetrus 1,2). UMoya wenza abantu bakwazi ukungena embusweni kaNkulunkulu (Joh 3,5). “Sisindisiwe ngokungcweliswa kukaMoya” (2. Thesalonika 2,13).

Kuzo zonke lezi zinto, imisebenzi kaMoya iyimisebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Noma yini uMoya ayishoyo noma ayenzayo, uNkulunkulu uyasho futhi uyakwenza; umoya ummele ngokugcwele uNkulunkulu.

2. Ubuntu bukaMoya oNgcwele

Isingeniso: ImiBhalo Engcwele ichaza uMoya Ongcwele njengophethe izimfanelo zomuntu siqu: uMoya unokuqonda nentando, uyakhuluma futhi umuntu angakhuluma naye, enze futhi asimele. Konke lokhu kubhekisela kubuntu ngomqondo wemfundiso yenkolo. UMoya oNgcwele ungumuntu noma i-hypostasis ngomqondo ofanayo nokaYise neNdodana. Ubudlelwane bethu noNkulunkulu, obufezwa uMoya oNgcwele, ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu.

A. Impilo Nobuhlakani

  • Impilo: UMoya oNgcwele “uyaphila” (Roma 8,11; 1. AbaseKorinte 3,16).
  • Ubuhlakani: Ingqondo "iyazi" (1. AbaseKorinte 2,11). AmaRoma 8,27 ibhekisela "kumqondo wengqondo". LoMoya uyakwazi ukwenza izahlulelo – isinqumo “sathokozisa” uMoya oNgcwele (Izenzo 1 Kor5,28). La mavesi abonisa ubuhlakani obubonakala ngokucacile.
  • Intando: 1. AbaseKorinte 2,11 ithi ingqondo ithatha izinqumo, ikhombise ukuthi ingqondo inentando. Igama lesiGrikhi lisho ukuthi "yena noma kuyasebenza ... ukwaba". Nakuba igama lesiGreki lingayicacisi indaba yesenzo, isihloko emongweni cishe singuMoya oNgcwele. Njengoba sazi kwamanye amavesi ukuthi umoya unokuqonda, ulwazi, nokuqonda, asikho isidingo sokugxumela esiphethweni. 1. AbaseKorinte 12,11 ukuphikisa ukuthi ingqondo nayo inentando.

B. Ukuxhumana

  • Ukukhuluma: Amavesi amaningi akhombisa ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele wakhuluma (IzE 8,29; 10,19; 11,12;21,11; 1. UThimothi 4,1; amaHebheru 3,7, njll.) Umlobi ongumKristu u-Oden uphawula ukuthi “uMoya ukhuluma kumuntu wokuqala, njengokuthi ‘mina’, ‘ngokuba ngibathumile’ ( IzEnzo. 10,20) ... 'Ngibabizile' (IzEnzo 13,2). Munye kuphela umuntu ongathi 'Mina'”.
  • Ukusebenzisana: UMoya ungaqanjwa amanga (Izenzo zabaPhostoli 5,3), okubonisa ukuthi umuntu angakhuluma nomoya. UMoya ungavivinywa (IzE 5,9), bathukwe (Hebheru 10,29) noma bahlanjalazwe ( Mathewu 12,31), okuphakamisa isimo sobuntu. U-Oden uqoqa obunye ubufakazi: “Ubufakazi babaphostoli busebenzisa izifaniso zomuntu siqu kakhulu: ukuhola (Roma 8,14), ugwetshwe (“vula amehlo akho” - Johane 16,8), mele / ummeli (Rom8,26), kubekwe eceleni / kubizwe (Izenzo 13,2) kubekwe (Izenzo 20,28:6) ... umuntu oyedwa kuphela ongadabuka (Isaya 3,10; Kwabase-Efesu 4,30).
  • I-Paraclete: UJesu wabiza uMoya oNgcwele ngokuthi iParakletos - uMduduzi, uMmeli noma uMmeli. IParaclete iyasebenza, iyafundisa (Johane 14,26), uyafakaza (Johane 15,26), ulahla (Johane 16,8), uyaqondisa ( Johane 16,13) futhi wembula iqiniso (Johane 16,14).

UJesu wasebenzisa uhlobo lwesilisa lweparakletos; akakubonanga kudingekile ukwenza igama elithi neuter noma asebenzise isabizwana se-neuter. KuJohane 16,14 Isabizwana sowesilisa sisetshenziswa ngisho nalapho kukhulunywa nge-neuter pneuma. Bekungaba lula ukushintshela kwizabizwana ze-neuter, kodwa uJohannes akazange. Kwenye indawo, ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kolimi, izabizwana ezingenalutho zisetshenziselwa ingqondo. ImiBhalo ayihlukanisi izinwele mayelana nobulili bohlelo lolimi lomoya - nathi akufanele sibe njalo.

C. Isenzo

  • Impilo entsha: UMoya oNgcwele usenza sibe basha, usinika impilo entsha (Joh 3,5). Umoya uyasingcwelisa (1. UPetrus 1,2) futhi isiholela kulempilo entsha (KwabaseRoma 8,14). UMoya unikeza izipho ezihlukahlukene ukwakha iBandla (1. AbaseKorinte 12,7-11) futhi kuyo yonke incwadi yeZenzo siyabona ukuthi uMoya uhola iBandla.
  • Ukuncenga: Umsebenzi kaMoya oNgcwele kakhulu “womuntu siqu” ukuncenga: “...Ngokuba asikwazi esiyakukhuleka ngokufanele, kepha uMoya uyasikhulekela... ngokuba ukhulumela abangcwele njengokuba ezithokozisa uNkulunkulu” (Roma 8,26-27). Ukukhulumela akukhombisi nje kuphela ukuthi uthola ukuxhumana, kodwa futhi ukuthi udlulisela ukuxhumana. Kusikisela ubuhlakani, uzwelo, kanye nendima esemthethweni. UMoya oNgcwele akuwona amandla angeyena umuntu, kodwa ungumsizi ohlakaniphile nongcwele ohlala kithi. UNkulunkulu uhlala kithi futhi uMoya oNgcwele unguNkulunkulu.

3. khonza

Azikho izibonelo zokukhonzwa kukaMoya oNgcwele eBhayibhelini. UmBhalo ukhuluma ngomkhuleko oseMoyeni (Efesu 6,18), Umphakathi womoya (2. AbaseKorinte 13,14) kanye nokubhapathizwa egameni likaMoya (Mathewu 2).8,19). Nakuba ukubhabhadiswa, ukukhuleka, kanye nobudlelwane kuyingxenye yenkonzo yokukhulekela, alikho kulawa mavesi eliwubufakazi obuphathekayo bokukhonza uMoya; nokho, okuphambene nokukhulekela, siyaqaphela ukuthi uMoya ungahlanjalazwa.2,31).

umkhuleko

Azikho izibonelo eziseBhayibhelini zokuthandaza kuMoya oNgcwele. Nokho, iBhayibheli lisikisela ukuthi umuntu angakhuluma noMoya oNgcwele (IzE 5,3). Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngokwesaba noma njengesicelo, empeleni kuwumthandazo oya kuMoya oNgcwele. Lapho amaKristu engakwazi ukuchaza izifiso zawo futhi afune uMoya oNgcwele ukuba awakhulumele (Roma 8,26-27), bese bethandaza, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, kuMoya oNgcwele. Uma siqonda ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele unobuhlakani futhi ummele ngokugcwele uNkulunkulu, singafuna usizo kuMoya - singacabangi ukuthi uMoya uhlukene noNkulunkulu, kodwa ngokuqaphela ukuthi uMoya uyi-hypostasis kaNkulunkulu osimelayo.

Kungani umBhalo ungasho lutho ngokukhuleka kuMoya oNgcwele? UMichael Green uyachaza: “UMoya oNgcwele awudonseli ukunaka kuye. : "Umoya uyazibamba".

Umkhuleko othize noma ukukhulekela okuqondiswe kuMoya oNgcwele akuyona inkambiso embhalweni, kodwa sikhonza uMoya noma kunjalo. Lapho sikhulekela uNkulunkulu, sikhulekela zonke izici zikaNkulunkulu, kuhlanganise noYise, iNdodana, noMoya oNgcwele. Isazi sezenkolo se 4. Njengoba kwachazwa ekhulwini le, “uMoya ukhonzwa ndawonye kuNkulunkulu lapho uNkulunkulu ekhonzwa ngoMoya.” Noma yini esiyisho kuMoya, siyisho kuNkulunkulu, futhi noma yini esiyisho kuNkulunkulu, siyisho kuMoya.

4. isifinyezo

UmBhalo uphakamisa ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele unezimfanelo nemisebenzi yobuNkulunkulu, futhi umelelwa ngendlela efanayo noYise neNdodana. UMoya oNgcwele uhlakaniphile, uyakhuluma futhi wenze njengomuntu oyedwa. Lokhu kuyingxenye yobufakazi obungokomBhalo obaholela amaKristu okuqala ukuba akhe imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu.

UBromiley ufingqa:
“Amaphuzu amathathu avela kulokhu kuhlolwa kwezinsuku zeTestamente Elisha yilawa: (1) UMoya oNgcwele ubhekwa emhlabeni wonke njengoNkulunkulu; (2) UnguNkulunkulu ohlukile kuYise neNdodana; (3) Ubunkulunkulu Bakhe abuphuli ubunye bobunkulunkulu. Ngamanye amazwi, uMoya oNgcwele ungumuntu wesithathu kaNkulunkulu onguziqu-zintathu...

Ubunye baphezulu abunakuthonywa imibono yezibalo yobunye. kwe 4. Ekhulwini lamashumi amabili umuntu waqala ukukhuluma ngama-hypostases amathathu noma abantu ngaphakathi kobuNkulunkulu, hhayi ngomqondo kaZiqu-zintathu wezikhungo ezintathu zokuqaphela, kodwa hhayi nangomqondo wokubonakaliswa kwezomnotho. Kusukela eNicaea naseConstantinople kuqhubeke, izivumo zokholo zazama ukuphila ngokuvumelana nezinsuku ezibalulekile zeBhayibheli njengoba zichazwe ngenhla.”

Obwohl die Heilige Schrift nicht direkt sagt, dass „der Heilige Geist Gott ist“ oder dass Gott eine Dreieinigkeit ist, basieren diese Schlussfolgerungen auf dem Zeugnis der Heiligen Schrift. Auf Grund dieser biblischen Beweise lehrt die Grace communion international (WKG Deutschland), dass der Heilige Geist in derselben Weise Gott ist, wie der Vater Gott ist und wie der Sohn Gott ist.

ngu-Michael Morrison