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Ukuhlanganyela impilo noNkulunkulu
Im 2. Ngekhulu lesi AD, uMarcion wahlongoza ukuthi iTestamente Elidala (OT) liqedwe. Wayehlanganise inguqulo yakhe yeTestamente Elisha (NT) ngosizo lweVangeli likaLuka nezinye izincwadi zikaPauline, kodwa wasusa zonke izingcaphuno ze-OT ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu we-OT wayengeyena obaluleke kakhulu; ungunkulunkulu wesizwe sakwa-Israyeli kuphela. Ngenxa yokusabalala kwalombono, uMarcion waxoshwa ekuhlanganyeleni kwesonto. Ibandla lokuqala labe seliqala ukuhlanganisa uhlu lwalo lwemibhalo engcwele, ehlanganisa amavangeli amane nazo zonke izincwadi zikaPawulu. IBandla nalo lagcina i-OT njengengxenye yeBhayibheli, liqiniseka ngokuqinile ukuthi elikuqukethe kusisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi uJesu wayengubani nokuthi wenzani ukuze sisindiswe.
Kwabaningi, iTestamente Elidala liyadida impela - lihluke kakhulu ku-NT. Umlando omude nezimpi eziningi azihlangene kangako noJesu noma ukuphila kobuKristu bosuku lwethu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemithetho nezimiso okufanele zigcinwe kuyi-OT kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi kubukeka sengathi uJesu noPawulu bachezuka kuyo ngokuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sifunda ngobuJuda basendulo kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi buphathelene nobuKristu.
Kunamahlelo athatha i-OT njengento ebalulekile kunamanye amahlelo; bagcina iSabatha “njengosuku lwesikhombisa”, bagcina imithetho yezokudla yama-Israyeli futhi baze bagubhe eminye yemikhosi yamaJuda. Amanye amaKristu awalifundi nhlobo iTestamente Elidala futhi afana noMarcion okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni. Amanye amaKristu aphikisana ngisho namaJuda. Ngeshwa, lapho amaNazi ebusa eJalimane, lesi simo sengqondo sasisekelwa amasonto. Lokhu kukhonjisiwe futhi ekuphikisaneni ne-OT kanye namaJuda.
Noma kunjalo, imibhalo yeTestamente Elidala iqukethe izitatimende ngoJesu Kristu (Joh 5,39; Luka 24,27) futhi senza kahle ngokuzwa ukuthi bathini kithi. Ziphinde zembula ukuthi iyini injongo enkulu yokuba khona komuntu nokuthi kungani uJesu eze ukuze asisindise. ITestamente Elidala nelisha liyafakaza ukuthi uNkulunkulu ufuna ukuphila ngenhlanganyelo nathi. Kusukela eNsimini yase-Edene kuya eJerusalema Elisha, umgomo kaNkulunkulu uwukuba siphile ngokuvumelana naye.
Ensimini yase-Edene
Im 1. Incwadi kaMose ichaza indlela uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke adala ngayo indawo yonke ngokumane etha izinto ngamagama. UNkulunkulu wathi: "Makube-khona, futhi kwaba njalo." Wakhipha umyalelo kwavele kwenzeka. Ngokuphambene, kubika lokhu 2. Isahluko esivela ku 1. Incwadi kaMose ekhuluma ngonkulunkulu owangcolisa izandla zakhe. Wangena endalweni yakhe, wabumba umuntu ngomhlaba, watshala imithi ensimini, wamenzela umuntu umngane.
Akukho neyodwa imibhalo esinika isithombe esiphelele salokho okwenzeka, kodwa izici ezihlukahlukene zikaNkulunkulu oyedwa ofanayo zingabonakala. Nakuba ayenamandla okudala zonke izinto ngezwi lakhe, wanquma ukungenelela ngokwakhe ekudaleni abantu. Wakhuluma no-Adamu, waletha izilwane kuye futhi wahlela yonke into ukuze akujabulele ukuba nomngane eduze kwakhe.
Nakuba lokho 3. Isahluko esivela ku 1. Incwadi kaMose ibika isenzakalo esibuhlungu, njengoba futhi ibonisa ukulangazelela kukaNkulunkulu abantu okwengeziwe. Ngemva kokuba abantu bonile okokuqala, uNkulunkulu wadabula ensimini njengoba ayejwayele ukwenza (Genesise 3,8). UNkulunkulu uSomandla wayethathe isimo somuntu futhi izinyathelo zakhe zazizwakala. Wayengavele aqhamuke ngaphandle uma ethanda, kodwa wakhetha ukuhlangana nendoda nomfazi ngendlela yomuntu. Ngokusobala akuzange kummangaze; UNkulunkulu uzobe ehambe nabo ensimini futhi wakhuluma nabo izikhathi eziningi.
Kuze kube yimanje babengenalo uvalo, kodwa manje uvalo lwase lubakhungathekile base becasha. Nakuba bahlubuka ebuhlotsheni noNkulunkulu, uNkulunkulu akazange. Wayengahoxa ngokucasuka, kodwa akazange azilahle izidalwa zakhe. Kwakungekho mibani ephazimayo yokuduma nanoma iyiphi enye indlela yokubonisa intukuthelo yaphezulu.
UNkulunkulu wabuza owesilisa nowesifazane ukuthi kwenzekeni futhi baphendula. Wabe esebachazela ukuthi izoba yini imiphumela yezenzo zabo. Wabe esenikeza izingubo zokugqoka (Genesise 3,21) futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi kwakungadingeki bahlale behlukanisiwe namahloni kuze kube phakade ( Genesise 3,22-23). KuGenesise sifunda ngezingxoxo zikaNkulunkulu noKhayini, uNowa, u-Abrama, uHagari, u-Abimeleki nabanye. Okubaluleke kakhulu kithi isithembiso uNkulunkulu asenza ku-Abrahama: “Ngiyakumisa isivumelwano sami phakathi kwami nawe nenzalo yakho ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, sibe isivumelwano esiphakade” (Genesise 1 Kor.7,1-8). UNkulunkulu wathembisa ukuthi wayeyoba nobuhlobo obuhlala njalo nabantu bakhe.
Ukukhethwa kwabantu
Abaningi bayazazi izici eziyinhloko zendaba yokufuduka kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli eGibhithe: UNkulunkulu wabiza uMose, waletha izinhlupho eGibhithe, wahola u-Israyeli wadabula uLwandle Olubomvu waya eNtabeni iSinayi futhi wabanika iMithetho Eyishumi lapho. Sivame ukunganaki ukuthi kungani uNkulunkulu enze konke lokhu. UNkulunkulu wathi kuMose: “Ngizokuthatha phakathi kwabantu bami, ngibe nguNkulunkulu wakho.” (Eks 6,7). UNkulunkulu wayefuna ukwakha ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu. Izinkontileka zomuntu siqu ezifana nemishado zenziwa ngaleso sikhathi ngamagama athi, "Uzoba umkami futhi ngizoba umyeni wakho". Ukutholwa (imvamisa ngezinhloso zefa) kwavalwa ngamagama athi, "Uzoba yindodana yami, mina ngibe uyihlo." Lapho uMose ekhuluma noFaro, wacaphuna uNkulunkulu ethi: “U-Israyeli uyindodana yami izibulo; futhi ngiyakuyala ukuba uvumele indodana yami ukuba ihambe izongikhonza.” ( Eksodusi 4,22-23). Abantu bakwa-Israyeli babengabantwana bakhe - umndeni wakhe - abaphiwe ubuhlanzo.
UNkulunkulu wanika abantu bakhe isivumelwano esasivumela ukufinyelela kubo ngokuqondile (2. UMose 19,5-6) - kodwa abantu babuza uMose: "Khuluma wena nathi, sifuna ukuzwa; kepha uNkulunkulu makangakhulumi kithi, funa sife” ( Eksodusi 2:20,19 ). Njengo-Adamu no-Eva, wanqotshwa ukwesaba. UMose wakhwela intaba ukuze athole iziyalezo ezengeziwe kuNkulunkulu (Eksodusi 2 Kor4,19). Bese ulandela izahluko ezihlukahlukene zetabernakele, impahla yalo, nemithetho yokukhulekela. Phakathi kwayo yonke lemininingwane akufanele sikushaye indiva inhloso yakho konke: “Bayakungenzela indlu engcwele, ukuze ngihlale phakathi kwabo” (Eksodusi 2 Kor.5,8).
Kusukela eNsimini yase-Edene, ngezithembiso ku-Abrahama, ngokukhethwa kwabantu ebugqilini, kuze kube phakade, uNkulunkulu ufisa ukuphila ekuhlanganyeleni nabantu Bakhe. Itabernakele lalilapho uNkulunkulu ayehlala khona futhi enokufinyelela kubantu baKhe. UNkulunkulu wathi kuMose: “Ngiyakuhlala phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-Israyeli, ngibe nguNkulunkulu wabo, ukuze bazi ukuthi nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wabo, owabakhipha ezweni laseGibithe ukuba ngihlale phakathi kwabo.” ( Eksodusi 29,45-enye).
Lapho uNkulunkulu enikeza uJoshuwa ukuhola, wayala uMose ukuthi athini kuye: “UJehova uNkulunkulu wakho ngokwakhe uyohamba nawe, futhi ngeke aphendule isandla sakhe, noma akushiye.”5. UMose 31,6-8). Leso sithembiso siyasebenza nakithi nanamuhla (KumaHeberu 13,5). Kungakho uNkulunkulu wadala abantu kusukela ekuqaleni futhi wathumela uJesu ukuba asisindise: Singabantu bakhe. Ufuna ukuhlala nathi.
ngu-Michael Morrison
