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Izinkolelo Zomlando
Isivumokholo (i-Credo, kwelesiLatini elithi "ngiyakholwa") siwukuhlanganisa izinkolelo ezifingqiwe. Ifuna ukubala amaqiniso abalulekile, icacise izitatimende ezingokwemfundiso, ihlukanise iqiniso namaphutha. Ngokuvamile libhalwa ngendlela yokuthi likwazi ukulibamba ngekhanda kalula. Izindinyana eziningana eBhayibhelini zinezimpawu zokholo. Ngakho uJesu wasebenzisa icebo elisekelwe ku 5. mose 6,4-9, njengesivumokholo. UPaul wenza izitatimende ezilula, ezifana ne-credo ku 1. AbaseKorinte 8,6; I-12,3 futhi 15,3-4. Auch 1. UThimothi 3,16 inikeza isivumokholo ngendlela eqiniswe kakhulu.
Ngokusabalala kwebandla lokuqala, kwavela isidingo sokholo olusemthethweni olwaluzokwenza amakholwa azi ngezimfundiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkolo yawo. ISivumo Sokholo Sabaphostoli siqanjwe kanjalo, hhayi ngoba sabhalwa abaphostoli bokuqala, kodwa ngoba sifingqa kahle imfundiso yabaphostoli. OFata BeSonto uTertullian, Augustine nabanye babenezinguqulo ezihluke kancane zeSivumo Sokholo Sabaphostoli; Umbhalo we-pirminus (cishe u-750) ekugcineni wamukelwa njengefomu elijwayelekile.
Njengoba iBandla lalikhula, kwaba kanjalo nezihlubuki, futhi amaKristu okuqala kwadingeka acacise imingcele yokholo lwawo. Ekuseni 4. Ngekhulu le-325, ngaphambi kokuba kumiswe uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli zeTestamente Elisha, kwaphakama impikiswano ngobunkulunkulu bukaKristu. Ukuze kucaciswe lo mbuzo, ngesicelo soMbusi uConstantine, ababhishobhi abavela kuzo zonke izingxenye zoMbuso WamaRoma bahlangana eNicaea ngo-381. Babhala phansi ukuvumelana kwabo kulokho okubizwa ngeSivumo Sokholo saseNicaea. Ngo enye isinodi yahlangana eConstantinople, lapho i-Nicene Confession yabuyekezwa kancane futhi yanwetshwa ukuze ihlanganise amaphuzu ambalwa. Le nguqulo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Nicene Constantinopolitan noma i-Nicene Creed emfushane.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elilandelayo abaholi bamasonto bahlangana edolobheni laseCalcedon ukuxoxa, phakathi kokunye, ngobuntu bukaKristu nobuntu bukaKristu. Bathola ifomula ababekholelwa ukuthi iyahambisana nevangeli, imfundiso yabaphostoli, kanye nombhalo. Ibizwa ngokuthi yiChristological Definition of Chalcedony or Chalcedonian Formula.
Ngeshwa, izivumokholo zingabuye zibe yifomula, inkimbinkimbi, i-abstract, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifaniswe "nombhalo." Nokho, uma zisetshenziswa kahle, zinikeza isisekelo sezimfundiso ezivumelanayo, zivikele imfundiso yeBhayibheli efanele, futhi zidale ukugxila ekuphileni kwebandla. Lezi zivumokholo ezintathu ezilandelayo zamukelwa kabanzi phakathi kwamaKristu njengezeBhayibheli nanjengama-orthodoxy obuKristu beqiniso (orthodoxy).
Isivumo Sokholo SaseNicaea (381 AD)
Sikholelwa kuNkulunkulu munye, uYise, uSomandla, uMdali wezulu nomhlaba, konke okubonakalayo nokungabonakali. Futhi eNkosini eyodwa uJesu Kristu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu ezelwe yodwa, ezelwe nguYise ngaphambi kwaso sonke isikhathi, ukukhanya okuvela ekukhanyeni, uNkulunkulu weqiniso ovela kuNkulunkulu weqiniso, ozelwe, ongadalwanga, wento eyodwa enoBaba, okwenziwa ngaye zonke izinto zenziwa , amadoda asizungezile nangenxa yokuhlengwa kwethu ehla evela emazulwini aba yinyama kaMoya oNgcwele neNtombi uMariya futhi waba ngumuntu futhi owabethelwa futhi wahlupheka wangcwatshwa ngaphansi kukaPontiyu Pilatu futhi wavuswa ngosuku lwesithathu ngokwemibhalo futhi waya ezulwini nokuhlala ngakwesokunene sikaBaba futhi uzobuya futhi ngenkazimulo ukwahlulela abaphilayo nabafileyo, umbuso wabo ongeke ube nakuphela.
Futhi kuMoya oNgcwele, iNkosi nomniki wokuphila, ovela kuBaba, okhonzwa futhi akhazinyuliswe kanye noYise neNdodana, owakhuluma ngabaprofethi
Ine; eSontweni elingcwele nelikatolika [konke okuhlanganisa] kanye neBandla labaphostoli. Sivuma ukubhaphathizelwa ukuthethelelwa kwezono; silindele ukuvuka kwabafileyo nokuphila komhlaba okuzayo. Amen.
(Kucashunwe kuJND Kelly, Old Christian Confessions, eGöttingen 1993)
Inkolelo yabaPhostoli (cishe ngo-700 AD)
Ngiyakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uBaba uSomandla, uMdali wezulu nomhlaba. Futhi kuJesu Kristu, iNdodana yakhe ezelwe yodwa, iNkosi yethu, yakhulelwa ngoMoya oNgcwele, eyazalwa yiNtombi enguMariya, yahlupheka ngaphansi kukaPontiyu Pilatu, yabethelwa, yafa futhi yangcwatshwa, yehlela embusweni wokufa, yavuka kwabafileyo ngolwesithathu usuku, wenyukela ezulwini, uhlala ngakwesokunene sikaNkulunkulu uBaba; ukusuka lapho uzofika ezokwahlulela abaphilayo nabafileyo. Ngiyakholelwa kuMoya oNgcwele, iSonto lamaKristu elingcwele, ukuhlangana kwabangcwele, ukuthethelelwa kwezono, ukuvuka kwabafileyo nokuphila okuphakade. Amen.
Incazelo yobunye bukaNkulunkulu nemvelo yomuntu ebuntwini bukaKristu
(Umkhandlu waseCalcedony, ngo-451 AD)
Ngakho-ke, ngokulandela obaba abangcwele, sonke ngazwi linye sifundisa ukuvuma iNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu njengeNdodana eyodwa futhi efanayo; ofanayo uphelele ebunkulunkulwini futhi ubuphelele obufanayo esintwini, uNkulunkulu ofanayo ngokweqiniso nomuntu wangempela womphefumulo nomzimba onengqondo, uYise engu (homooúsion) wobuNkulunkulu futhi ngokufanayo nathi ngokuba ngokwesintu, kuyafana kithi ngazo zonke izindlela, ngaphandle kwesono. Wazalwa ngaphambi kukaBaba kuYise ngokobuNkulunkulu, kodwa ekupheleni kwezikhathi, ngokufanayo, ngenxa yethu nangensindiso yethu kuMariya, iNcasakazi noMama kaNkulunkulu (theotokos), uzalwa, njengo munye, uKristu, iNdodana, ongowokuzalwa, owaziwa ngezimo ezimbili engaxutshiwe, engashintshiwe, engahlukanisiwe, engahlukanisiwe. Ngokwenza njalo, ukwehluka kobunjalo abusoze kwaqedwa ngenxa yobunye; Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubukhulu besimo ngasinye kulezi ezimbili buyagcinwa futhi buhlanganisa ukwakha umuntu ne-hypostasis. [Siyamvuma] hhayi njengokwehlukana nokuhlukaniswa kubantu ababili, kodwa njengeNdodana eyodwa, izalwa, uNkulunkulu, uLogos, Nkosi, uJesu Kristu, njengabaprofethi bakudala ngaye [abaprofetha] ngaye uqobo, uJesu Kristu wasiyala futhi wasinika uphawu lobaba [iSivumo Sokholo SaseNicaea]. (Icashunwe enkolweni esikhathini esedlule nesamanje, ihlelwe nguBetz / Browning / Janowski / Jüngel, Tübingen 1999)
