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UMathewu 5: Intshumayelo Yasentabeni (Ingxenye 1)
Ngisho nabangewona amaKristu bezwile ngeNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni. AmaKrestu azwa izintshumayelo eziningi ngayo, kepha kunezindima okunzima ukuziqonda futhi ezingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele empilweni.
UJohn Stott ukubeka ngale ndlela:
“INtshumayelo YaseNtabeni cishe iyingxenye eyaziwa kakhulu yezimfundiso zikaJesu, kodwa futhi cishe iyona eqondwa kancane futhi ngokuqinisekile ayilandelwa kakhulu” ( Umlayezo WeNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni, pulsmedien Worms 2010, ikhasi 11). Ake siphinde sifunde iNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni. Mhlawumbe sizothola amagugu amasha futhi sikhumbule amadala futhi.
Iziphithiphithi
“Kodwa lapho [uJesu] ebona isixuku, wakhuphukela entabeni, wahlala phansi; abafundi bakhe beza kuye. Wavula umlomo wakhe, wabafundisa, wakhuluma.” ( Mathewu 5,1-2). Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka, cishe isixuku samlandela. Intshumayelo kwakungeyona eyabafundi kuphela. Ngakho uJesu wayala abafundi bakhe ukuba basakaze izimfundiso zakhe emhlabeni wonke, futhi uMathewu wabhala phansi ukuze abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane bazifunde. Izimfundiso zakhe zingezanoma ubani ozimisele ukulalela.
“Babusisiwe abampofu emoyeni; ngokuba umbuso wezulu ungowabo” (v. 3). Kusho ukuthini ukuba “mpofu emoyeni”? Ukuzinyeza, isithakazelo esincane ezintweni ezingokomoya? Akunjalo. AmaJuda amaningi ayezibiza ngokuthi “abampofu” ngenxa yokuthi ayevame ukumpofu futhi athembele kuNkulunkulu ukuze anakekele izidingo zawo zansuku zonke. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi uJesu wayesho abathembekile. Kodwa ukuba “mpofu emoyeni” kusikisela okwengeziwe. Abantu abampofu bayazi ukuthi abanazo izidingo eziyisisekelo. Abampofu emoyeni bayazi ukuthi bayamdinga uNkulunkulu; bazizwa bentula ekuphileni kwabo. Abazicabangeli njengokwenzela uNkulunkulu umusa ngokumkhonza. UJesu uthi umbuso wezulu ngowabantu abafana nani. Ngabathobekile, abancikile, abanikezwa umbuso wezulu. Bathembela kuphela emseni kaNkulunkulu.
“Babusisiwe abalilayo; ngokuba bona bayakududuzwa” (indima 4). Lesi sitatimende siqukethe indida ethile, ngoba igama elithi "ubusisiwe" lingabuye lisho "ukuthokoza". Bayajabula abadabukileyo, kusho uJesu, ngoba okungenani bayaduduzwa ngokwazi ukuthi ubunzima babo ngeke buhlale. Konke kuzolungiswa. Qaphela ukuthi i-Beatitudes ayiyona imiyalo—uJesu akasho ukuthi ukuhlupheka kuyazuzisa ngokomoya. Kuleli zwe abantu abaningi sebeyahlupheka futhi uJesu uthi kufanele baduduzwe - mhlawumbe ekufikeni kombuso wezulu.
“Babusisiwe abamnene; ngokuba bayakudla ifa lomhlaba” (v. 5). Emiphakathini yasendulo, umhlaba wawuvame ukuthathwa kwabamnene. Kodwa ngendlela kaNkulunkulu nakho kuyolungiswa.
“Babusisiwe abalambele futhi bomele ukulunga; ngokuba bayakusutha” (indima 6). Labo abalangazelela ubulungisa nokulunga (igama lesiGreki lisho kokubili) bayothola abakufisayo. Labo abahlushwa ububi futhi abafuna izinto zilungiswe bayovuzwa. Kule nkathi, abantu bakaNkulunkulu bahlushwa ukungabi nabulungisa; silangazelela ubulungisa. UJesu usiqinisekisa ngokuthi amathemba ethu ngeke abe yize.
“Babusisiwe abanesihawu; ngokuba bayakuhawukelwa” (indima 7). Sidinga umusa ngoSuku Lokwahlulela. UJesu uthi ngakho-ke kufanele sibonise isihe ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kuphambene nokuziphatha kwalabo abafuna ubulungisa futhi bakhohlise abanye, noma labo abafuna isihe kodwa bona bengenasihe. Uma sifuna ukuba nempilo enhle, kufanele siziphathe ngendlela efanele.
“Babusisiwe abahlanzekile enhliziyweni; ngokuba bayakubona uNkulunkulu” (indima 9). Inhliziyo ehlanzekileyo inesifiso esisodwa kuphela. Labo abafuna uNkulunkulu yedwa bayoqiniseka ukuthi bayamthola. Isifiso sethu siyovuzwa.
“Babusisiwe abalamulayo; ngokuba bayakubizwa ngokuthi abantwana bakaNkulunkulu” (indima 9). Abampofu ngeke baphoqelele amalungelo abo ngenkani. Abantwana bakaNkulunkulu bathembele kuNkulunkulu. Kufanele sibonise isihe nobuntu, hhayi intukuthelo nokungezwani. Asikwazi ukuphila ngokuzwana embusweni wokulunga ngokwenza okungalungile. Njengoba sifisa ukuthula kombuso kaNkulunkulu, kufanele futhi sisebenzelane ngendlela enokuthula.
“Babusisiwe abazingelwa ngenxa yokulunga; ngokuba umbuso wezulu ungowabo” (v. 10). Abantu abenza okulungile ngezinye izikhathi kufanele bahlupheke ngenxa yokuthi balungile. Abantu bayathanda ukusizakala ngabantu abathobekile. Kukhona abacasuka ngisho nabenza okuhle, ngoba isibonelo sabo esihle senza abantu ababi babukeke kabi kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi abalungile bayakwazi ukusiza abacindezelwe ngokwenza amasiko nemithetho yenhlalo ebuthaka eye yanika abangenabulungisa amandla. Asifuni ukushushiswa, kodwa abalungile bavame ukushushiswa abantu ababi. Yibani nesibindi, kusho uJesu. Bambelela Umbuso wezulu ungowalabo abahlangabezana nalokhu.
Khona-ke uJesu uphendukela ngokuqondile kubafundi bakhe futhi ukhuluma nabo ngegama elithi “nina” elisebuningini bomuntu wesibili: “Nibusisiwe lapho abantu benithuka, benishushisa futhi bekhuluma yonke inhlobo yokubi ngani lapho beqamba amanga ngakho. Jabulani wenama; uyovuzwa ngokucebile ezulwini. Ngoba ngendlela efanayo babazingela abaprofethi ababengaphambi kwenu” ( izAmb. 11-12 ).
Kunendima ebalulekile kuleli vesi: "ngenxa yami". UJesu ulindele ukuba abafundi bakhe bashushiswe hhayi nje ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo okuhle kodwa nangokuhlobana kwabo noJesu. Ngakho-ke jabula futhi ujabule lapho ushushiswa - okungenani izenzo zakho kufanele zanele ukuba zibonwe. Wenza umehluko kulo mhlaba futhi ungaqiniseka ukuthi uzovuzwa.
Yenza umehluko
UJesu wasebenzisa izingathekiso ezimfushane ukuze achaze indlela abalandeli Bakhe ababeyowuthinta ngayo umhlaba: “Nina ningusawoti womhlaba. Uma-ke usawoti ungasenabusawoti, umuntu angasawoti ngani na? Akusizi lutho ngaphandle kokuyilahla futhi abantu bayinyathele” (indima 13).
Uma usawoti ulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo, ungaba yize ngoba ukunambitheka kwawo kuwunika inani lawo. Usawoti muhle impela ngoba unambitha ohlukile kwezinye izinto. Ngendlela efanayo, abafundi bakaJesu bahlakazekile emhlabeni - kepha uma belingana nomhlaba, abasizi ngalutho.
“Nina ningukukhanya kwezwe. Umuzi ophezu kwentaba ungesithekile. Futhi umuntu akasokheli isibani asibeke ngaphansi kwesitsha, kodwa usibeka othini; kanjalo likhanyisela bonke abasendlini” (amavesi 14-15). Abafundi akufanele bazifihle - kufanele babonakale. Isibonelo sakho siyingxenye yomlayezo wakho.
“Kanjalo makukhanye ukukhanya kwenu phambi kwabantu, ukuze babone imisebenzi yenu emihle, badumise uYihlo osezulwini” (ivesi 16). Kamuva uJesu wagxeka abaFarisi ngokufuna ukubonakala ngemisebenzi yabo (Mt
6,1). Imisebenzi emihle kufanele ibonakale, kodwa ngenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu, hhayi eyethu.
Ubulungiswa obungcono
Bafanele baphile kanjani abafundi? UJesu ukhuluma ngalokhu emavesini 21-48.Uqala ngesixwayiso: Uma uzwa lokhu engikushoyo, ungazibuza ukuthi ngabe ngizama ukweqa imibhalo. Angikwenzi lokho. Ngenza futhi ngifundise ngqo lokho imibhalo engcwele engitshela ukuthi ngikwenze. Lokhu esengizokusho kuzokumangaza, kodwa ngicela ungangizwa kabi.
“Ningacabangi ukuthi ngize ukuchitha umthetho nabaprofethi; angizanga ukuchitha, kodwa ukugcwalisa” (v. 17). Abantu abaningi bagxila emthethweni lapha, besola ukuthi indaba iwukuthi uJesu uyafuna yini ukususa imithetho yeTestamente Elidala. Lokhu kwenza amavesi abe nzima kakhulu ukuwachaza, njengoba wonke umuntu evuma ukuthi njengengxenye yomsebenzi Wakhe, uJesu Kristu wagcwalisa imithetho ethile eyayingabalulekile. Umuntu angase aphikise ukuthi mingaki imithetho ethintekayo, kodwa wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi uJesu weza ukuzochitha okungenani eminye yayo.
UJesu akakhulumi ngemithetho (ubuningi!), Kodwa ngomthetho (ubunye!) - okungukuthi, ngeTorah, izincwadi ezinhlanu zokuqala zemiBhalo Engcwele. Ukhuluma nangabaprofethi, enye ingxenye enkulu yeBhayibheli. Leli vesi alikhulumi ngemithetho yomuntu ngamunye, kodwa likhuluma ngezincwadi zeTestamente Elidala lilonke. UJesu akezanga ukuzochitha imibhalo kepha ukuyigcwalisa.
Ukulalela kwakubalulekile, kepha kwakukhona okungaphezulu kwalokho. UNkulunkulu ufuna izingane Zakhe zenze okungaphezu kokulandela imithetho. Lapho uJesu egcwalisa iTorah, kwakungeyona nje indaba yokulalela. Uqedele konke iTorah eyake yakukhombisa. Wenza lokho u-Israyeli njengesizwe ayengakwazi ukukwenza.
Khona-ke uJesu wathi: “Ngokuba ngiqinisile ngithi kini: Kuze kudlule izulu nomhlaba, akusoze kwadlula nohlamvu olulodwa noma ichashana lomthetho, kuze kwenzeke konke” ( ivesi 18 ). Kodwa amaKristu awabasoki abantwana bawo, futhi awawakhi amatabernakele, noma afake imicu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ematshakathini. Wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi akudingekile ukuthi sigcine le mithetho. Ngakho umbuzo uwukuthi, wayesho ukuthini uJesu lapho ethi akukho mthetho oyophulwa? Akunjalo, ngokwenza le mithetho isinyamalele?
Kukhona ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo okuthathu lapha. Okokuqala, siyabona ukuthi le mithetho ayikasuki. Basabalwe kuyiTorah, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele sibalandele. Kunjalo, kodwa akubonakali kuyilokho uJesu ayekusho lapha. Okwesibili, kungashiwo ukuthi amaKristu agcina le mithetho ngokukholwa kuKristu. Sigcina umthetho wokusoka ezinhliziyweni zethu (Roma 2,29) futhi sigcina yonke imithetho yesiko ngokukholwa. Lokho nakho kulungile, kodwa akufanele kube yilokho uJesu akusho lapha ngqo.
Okwesithathu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho 1. awukho umthetho ongaphelelwa yisikhathi kuze kube yilapho yonke into isigcwalisekile futhi 2. bonke bayavuma ukuthi okungenani eminye yemithetho ayisasebenzi. Ngakho siphetha 3. ukuthi konke sekufezekile. UJesu wawufeza umsebenzi wakhe futhi umthetho wesivumelwano esidala awusasebenzi. Nokho, kungani uJesu ayengathi “kuze kudlule izulu nomhlaba”?
Ingabe wamane wakusho ukuze agcizelele ukuba yiqiniso kwalokho ayekusho? Kungani asebenzisa igama elithi “kuze kube” kabili kuyilapho elilodwa kuphela lawo lalibalulekile? Angikwazi. Kodwa ngiyazi ukuthi miningi imithetho eTestamenteni Elidala okungadingeki amaKristu ayigcine, futhi amavesi 17-20 awasitsheli ukuthi yimiphi ehilelekile. Uma sicaphuna amavesi ngenxa nje yokuthi imithetho ethile iyasikhanga, sisuke siwasebenzisa kabi lawo mavesi. Abasifundisi ukuthi yonke imithetho ingunaphakade, ngoba akusiyo yonke imithetho ehlala njalo.
Le miyalo - iyini?
UJesu uyaqhubeka: “Oweqa owodwa kule miyalo emincinyane, afundise abantu kanjalo, uyakuthiwa omncinyane embusweni wezulu; kepha owenzayo afundise uyakuthiwa mkhulu embusweni wezulu” (indima 19). Ithini “lemiyalo”? Ingabe uJesu ubhekisela emiyalweni yoMthetho KaMose noma eziqondisweni zakhe siqu azinikeza ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho? Kumelwe siphawule iqiniso lokuthi ivesi 19 liqala ngegama elithi “ngakho-ke” (esikhundleni sokuthi “manje” in the).
Kukhona ukuxhumana okunengqondo phakathi kwamavesi 18 no-19 Ngabe lokho kusho ukuthi umthetho uzosala, ngabe le miyalo kufanele ifundiswe? Lokho kungafaka uJesu ekhuluma ngomthetho. Kepha kunemiyalo eTorah ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi okungamele isafundiswe njengomthetho. Ngakho-ke, uJesu wayengeke akhulume ngokufundisa yonke imithetho yeTestamente Elidala. Lokho futhi kuzokwehluka kulo lonke iTestamente Elisha.
Cishe ukuxhumana okunengqondo phakathi kwamavesi 18 no-19 kuhlukile futhi kugxile kakhulu engxenyeni yokugcina "kuze kwenzeke konke." Lokhu kucabanga kungasho lokhu okulandelayo: Wonke umthetho uyohlala kuze kwenzeke konke, futhi “ngakho-ke” (njengoba uJesu agcwalisa zonke izinto) kufanele sifundise leyo mithetho (imithetho kaJesu, esizoyifunda) esikhundleni sokuthi imithetho emidala, ayigxekayo. Lokhu kwenza umqondo owengeziwe uma ubhekwa kumongo wentshumayelo kanye neTestamente Elisha. Yimiyalo kaJesu okufanele ifundiswe (Mathewu 7,24; I-28,20). UJesu uyachaza ukuthi kungani: “Ngokuba ngithi kini: Uma ukulunga kwenu kungadluli okwababhali nokwabaFarisi, anisoze nangena embusweni wezulu” (ivesi 20).
AbaFarisi babaziwa ngokulalela kwabo ngokuqinile; baze bakhipha nokweshumi okuvela emithini yabo namakha. Kepha ubulungiswa beqiniso yindaba esenhliziyweni, yesimilo somuntu, hhayi yokugcina imithetho ethile. UJesu akasho ukuthi ukulalela kwethu le mithetho kufanele kube ngcono, kepha ukuthi ukulalela kufanele kusebenze emithethweni engcono, azoyichaza kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba sazi ukuthi usho ukuthini.
Kepha asilungile njengoba kufanele. Sonke siyasidinga isihe futhi asizi embusweni wezulu ngenxa yokulunga kwethu kodwa ngenye indlela, njengoba uJesu echaze emavesini 3-10. UPawulu wakubiza ngokuthi yisipho sokulunga, ukulungisiswa ngokukholwa, ukulunga okuphelele kukaJesu, esikudlayo lapho sihlanganiswa naye ngokukholwa. Kepha uJesu akachazi ngalokhu.
Kafushane, ungacabangi ukuthi uJesu weza ukuzosusa imibhalo yeTestamente Elidala. Weza ukuzokwenza lokho okwabikezelwa yimiBhalo. Yonke imithetho yahlala isebenza kuze kube uJesu ugcwalisa konke ayethunyelwe ukukwenza. Manje usinikeza izinga elisha lobulungiswa okufanele siphile ngalo futhi sifundise ngalo.
ngu-Michael Morrison
