Siyini Isivumelwano Esisha?

Ngesimo saso esiyisisekelo, isivumelwano sibusa ubuhlobo phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nesintu ngendlela efanayo isivumelwano esivamile noma isivumelwano esilawula ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu. Isivumelwano Esisha siyasebenza ngoba uJesu, umenzi wetestamente, wafa. Ukuqonda lokhu kubalulekile kumakholwa ngoba ukubuyisana esikutholile kungenzeka kuphela “ngegazi lakhe esiphambanweni,” igazi lesivumelwano esisha, igazi likaJesu iNkosi yethu (KwabaseKolose. 1,20).

Kungumqondo kabani?

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iSivumelwano Esisha siwumbono kaNkulunkulu nokuthi akuwona umqondo owaqanjwa ngumuntu. UKristu wamemezela kubafundi bakhe lapho emisa iSidlo seNkosi: “Lokhu kuyigazi lami lesivumelwano esisha” (Marku 14,24; Mathewu 26,28). Lokhu kuyigazi lesivumelwano esiphakade.” ( 1 Kor3,20).

Abaprofethi besivumelwano esidala babikezela ukuza kwalesi sivumelwano. U-Isaya uchaza amazwi kaNkulunkulu “kulowo odelelwa ngabantu nowenyanyekayo kwabezizwe, encekwini yabashiqela...9,7-8; bheka futhi u-Isaya 42,6). Lokhu kubhekisela ngokucacile kuMesiya, uJesu Kristu. Ngo-Isaya, uNkulunkulu wabikezela futhi, “ngiyobanika umvuzo wabo ngokwethembeka, ngenze isivumelwano esiphakade nabo.”— Isaya 6 .1,8).

UJeremiya wakhuluma ngakho, wathi: “Bheka, isikhathi siyeza, usho uJehova, lapho ngiyakwenza isivumelwano esisha, esingenjengesivumelwano engasenza nawoyise, lapho ngibabamba ngesandla ukubaletha. baphume ezweni laseGibithe.”— Jeremiya 3 Kor1,31-32). Lokhu kubizwa futhi ngokuthi “isivumelwano esiphakade” (Jeremiya 3 Kor2,40).

UHezekeli ugcizelela isimo esihlawulelayo salesi sivumelwano. Uyaphawula esahlukweni esidumile seBhayibheli ‘ngamathambo omileyo’: “Ngizokwenza nabo isivumelwano sokuthula, esiyoba isivumelwano esiphakade nabo” ( Hezekeli 3 )7,26). 

Kungani isivumelwano?

Ngendlela eyiyo eyisisekelo, isivumelwano sisho ubudlelwano phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nabantu ngendlela efanayo nesivumelwano esivamile noma isivumelwano esisho ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu.

Lokhu kuhlukile ezinkolweni ngoba emasikweni asendulo, onkulunkulu ngokuvamile babengenabo ubuhlobo obunenjongo namadoda noma abesifazane. Jeremiya 32,38 ukhomba ubunjalo obuseduze balobuhlobo besivumelwano: “Bayakuba-ngabantu bami, mina ngibe nguNkulunkulu wabo;

AmaFrets ayesetshenziswa futhi kwezentengiselwano zebhizinisi nezomthetho. Ngezikhathi zeTestamente Elidala, amasiko ama-Israyeli nawabahedeni afaka phakathi ukuvumelanisa izivumelwano zabantu nomhlatshelo wegazi noma umkhuba omncane wohlobo oluthile ukugcizelela ukubopha nesimo sokuqala sesivumelwano. Namuhla sibona isibonelo esihlala njalo salomqondo lapho abantu benikana indandatho ngokuzwakalayo ukuveza ukuzibophezela kwabo esivumelwaneni somshado. Ngaphansi kwethonya lomphakathi wabo, abalingiswa baseBhayibhelini basebenzise imikhuba eyahlukahlukene ukufaka uphawu lwesivumelwano sabo noNkulunkulu.

"Kusobala ukuthi umqondo wobudlelwane besivumelwano wawungekho nhlobo kuma-Israyeli, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu wasebenzisa lolu hlobo lobudlelwane ukuze aveze ubuhlobo bakhe nabantu Bakhe" (Gold 2004: 75).

Isivumelwano sikaNkulunkulu phakathi kwakhe nesintu sifana nezivumelwano ezinjalo ezenziwa emphakathini, kodwa asinasikhundla esifanayo. Isivumelwano Esisha asinawo umqondo wokuxoxisana nokuhwebelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNkulunkulu nomuntu ababona izidalwa ezilinganayo. "Isivumelwano saphezulu sidlula ngokungenamkhawulo ngaphezu kwesifaniso saso sasemhlabeni" (Gold, 2004:74).

Ama-frets amaningi asendulo ayesezingeni eliphindayo. Isibonelo, ukuziphatha okufiswayo kuvuzwa ngezibusiso, njalonjalo. Kunesici sokuphindisela esivezwa ngokwemibandela okuvunyelwene ngayo.

Olunye uhlobo lwesivumelwano isivumelwano sosizo. Kulo, umbuso ophakeme, njengenkosi, unikeza izikhonzi zayo umusa ongafanelwe. Lolu hlobo lwesivumelwano lungafaniswa kangcono nesivumelwano esisha. UNkulunkulu unikeza umusa wakhe esintwini ngokungenamibandela. Ngempela, ukubuyisana okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngokuchithwa kwegazi kwalesi sivumelwano saphakade kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba uNkulunkulu abeke iziphambeko zaso esintwini (1. AbaseKorinte 5,19). Ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isenzo noma umcabango wokuphenduka ngakithi, uKristu wasifela (KwabaseRoma 5,8). Umusa wandulela ukuziphatha kobuKristu.

Kuthiwani ngezinye izivumelwano zeBhayibheli?

Iningi lezazi zeBhayibheli likhomba okungenani ezinye izivumelwano ezine ngaphezu kweSivumelwano Esisha. Lezi izivumelwano zikaNkulunkulu noNowa, u-Abrahama, uMose noDavide.
Encwadini ayibhalela amaKristu eZizwe ase-Efesu, uPawulu ubachazela ukuthi ‘babengabafokazi ngaphandle kwesivumelwano sesithembiso,’ kodwa manje kuKristu ‘babekade bekude, besondezwa ngegazi likaKristu. 2,12-13), okungukuthi, ngegazi leSivumelwano esisha, esenza kube nokubuyisana kubo bonke abantu.

Izivumelwano ezenziwa noNowa, u-Abrahama noDavidi zonke ziqukethe izithembiso ezingenamibandela ezigcwaliseka ngqo kuJesu Kristu.

“Ngikubambe njengasezinsukwini zikaNowa, lapho ngafunga ukuthi amanzi kaNowa awasayikuhamba emhlabeni. Ngakho ngifungile ukuthi ngeke ngisakuthukuthelela noma ngikuthethise. Ngokuba izintaba ziyakuxega, namagquma awe, kepha umusa wami awuyikusuka kini, nesivumelwano sami sokuthula asiyikusuka, usho uJehova, onobubele benu.” ( Isaya 54,9-enye).

UPawulu uchaza ukuthi uKristu uyinzalo ethenjisiwe ka-Abrahama, ngakho-ke bonke abakholwayo bayizindlalifa zomusa osindisayo (KwabaseGalathiya). 3,15-18). “Kepha uma ningabakaKristu, ningabantwana baka-Abrahama, niyizindlalifa ngokwesithembiso” (KwabaseGalathiya). 3,29). Izithembiso zesivumelwano ezihlobene nozalo lukaDavide (Jeremiya 23,5; I-33,20-21) zitholakala kuJesu, “impande nenzalo kaDavide,” iNkosi yokulunga (IsAmbulo 22,16).

Isivumelwano sikaMose, esibizwa nangokuthi iSivumelwano Esidala, sasinemibandela. Umbandela wawuwukuthi uma amaIsrayeli elandela umthetho kaMose omisiwe, izibusiso zaziyolandela, ikakhulukazi ifa lezwe lesithembiso, umbono uKristu awugcwalisa ngokomoya: “Ngakho-ke ungumlamuleli wesivumelwano esisha, ukufa okwaphumela ekuhlengweni eziphambekweni zesivumelwano sokuqala, ababiziweyo bayakwamukeliswa ifa eliphakade elathenjiswayo.” 9,15).

Ngokomlando, ama-frets nawo afaka nezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuqhubeka kokubandakanyeka kweqembu ngalinye kulawa amabili. Lezi zimpawu ziphinde zibhekisele esivumelwaneni esisha. Isibonakaliso sesivumelwano noNowa nendalo, ngokwesibonelo, kwakuwuthingo, ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya okumibalabala. NguKristu ongukukhanya kwezwe (Joh 8,12; 1,4-enye).

Isibonakaliso sika-Abrahama sasiwukusoka (1. UMose 17,10-11). Lokhu kuhlobana nokuvumelana kwezazi ngokuphathelene nencazelo eyisisekelo yegama lesiHeberu elithi berith, elihunyushwa ngokuthi isivumelwano, igama elihlobene nokusika. Inkulumo ethi "ukusika ikhola" isasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi. UJesu, inzalo ka-Abrahama, wasokwa ngokwalo mkhuba (Luka 2,21). UPawulu wachaza ukuthi ukusoka kokholwayo akuseyona into engokwenyama kodwa ngokomoya. Ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Esisha, “ukusoka kwenhliziyo kungokomoya hhayi ngombhalo” (Roma 2,29; bheka nabaseFilipi 3,3).

ISabatha futhi laliyisibonakaliso esanikezwa iSivumelwano sikaMose (2. UMose 31,12-18). UKristu ungomunye wemisebenzi yethu yonke (Mathewu 11,28-30; amaHebheru 4,10). Lokhu kuphumula kungokwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokwamanje: “Ngokuba uma uJoshuwa wabaphumuza, uNkulunkulu ubengayikukhuluma ngolunye usuku kamuva. Ngakho kusekhona ukuphumula kwabantu bakaNkulunkulu.” ( Hebheru 4,8-enye).

Isivumelwano eSisha sinesibonakaliso futhi, futhi akulona uthingo noma ukusoka noma iSabatha. “Ngakho-ke iNkosi ngokwayo iyakuninika isibonakaliso: Bhekani, intombi ikhulelwe, izale indodana, iyiqambe igama lokuthi u-Imanuweli.” 7,14). Inkomba yokuqala yokuthi singabantu bakaNkulunkulu besivumelwano esisha ukuthi uNkulunkulu weza wazohlala phakathi kwethu esesimweni seNdodana yakhe, uJesu Kristu ( Mathewu 1,21; UJohane 1,14).

Isivumelwano Esisha siqukethe nesithembiso. “Futhi bhekani,” kusho uKristu, “ngiyokwehlisela phezu kwenu lokho uBaba akuthembisile.” ( Luka 2 Kor4,49), futhi leso sithembiso kwakuyisipho sikaMoya oNgcwele (IzE 2,33; KwabaseGalathiya 3,14). Amakholwa abekwa uphawu esivumelwaneni esisha “ngoMoya oNgcwele othenjisiweyo, oyisibambiso sefa lethu” (Kwabase-Efesu. 1,13-14). UmKristu weqiniso akaphawulwa ngokusoka noma uchungechunge lwezibopho, kodwa ngokuhlala kukaMoya oNgcwele (KwabaseRoma 8,9). Umqondo wesivumelwano unikeza ububanzi nokujula kwesipiliyoni lapho umusa kaNkulunkulu ungaqondwa ngokwezwi nezwi, ngokomfanekiso, ngokomfanekiso, nangomfanekiso.

Yikuphi ukukhishwa okusasebenza?

Zonke lezi zivumelwano ezingenhla zihlanganiswe ndawonye enkazimulweni yeSivumelwano Esisha Saphakade. UPawulu ukufanekisa lokhu lapho eqhathanisa iSivumelwano SikaMose, esibizwa nangokuthi Isivumelwano Esidala, neSivumelwano Esisha.
UPawulu ubhekisela esivumelwaneni sikaMose ngokuthi “isikhundla sokuletha ukufa, esilotshwe ngezincwadi ematsheni” (2. AbaseKorinte 3,7; bhekafuthi 2. UMose 34,27-28), futhi uthi nakuba kwake kwaba nenkazimulo, “ayikho inkazimulo okumelwe ibalwe phezu kwaleyo nkazimulo eyedlulele,” kubhekiselwa esikhundleni sikaMoya, ngamanye amazwi, iSivumelwano Esisha.2. AbaseKorinte 3,10). UKristu “ufanele inkazimulo enkulu kunoMose” (Hebheru 3,3).

Igama lesiGreki lobumbano, diatheke, linikeza incazelo entsha kule ngxoxo. Kwengeza ubukhulu besivumelwano, okuyincwadi yefa yokugcina. KwiTestamente Elidala, igama elithi berith alisetshenziswanga ngalowo mqondo.

Umlobi wamaHeberu usebenzisa lo mehluko wamaGreki. Kokubili iSivumelwano sikaMose kanye neSivumelwano esisha kufana neTestamente. Isivumelwano sikaMose siyitestamente lokuqala [ifa] eliyesulwa lapho kubhalwa elesibili. “Khona-ke uthatha esokuqala ukuze amise esesibili” (Hebheru 10,9). “Ngokuba uma isivumelwano sokuqala besingenasici, bekungayikubakho indawo kwesinye” (Hebheru 8,7). Isivumelwano esisha “sasingenjengesivumelwano engasenza nawoyise.” ( Hebheru 8,9).

Ngakho-ke, uKristu ungumlamuleli “wesivumelwano esingcono, esisekelwe phezu kwezithembiso ezingcono kakhulu” (Hebheru 8,6). Uma othile enza incwadi yefa entsha, zonke izincwadi zefa zangaphambili kanye nemibandela yazo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yayikhazimula kangakanani, ilahlekelwa umphumela wayo, ayisabophi, futhi ayisizi ngalutho ezindlalifa zayo. “Ngokuthi ‘isivumelwano esisha,’ umemezela esokuqala ukuthi asisasebenzi. Kodwa lokho osekuphelelwe yisikhathi nesisaphila kuseduze nokuphela kwakho.” (Hebheru 8,13). Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zakudala azikwazi ukudingeka njengesimo sokubamba iqhaza esivumelwaneni esisha (Anderson 2007: 33).

Kunjalo: “Ngoba lapho kunentando khona, ukufa kwalowo owenza intando kufanele ngabe kwenzeka. Ngoba intando isebenza kuphela ekufeni; kawusebenzi zinsuku zonke owawenzayo.” ( Hebheru 9,16-17). Ngenxa yalokhu uKristu wafa futhi samukela ukungcweliswa ngoMoya. “Ngokuvumelana nale ntando singcwelisiwe kanye kuphela ngokunikelwa komzimba kaJesu Kristu” (Hebheru 10,10).

Umthetho wesimiso semihlatshelo esivumelwaneni sikaMose awusebenzi, “ngokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba igazi lezinkunzi nelezimbuzi lisuse izono” ( Hebheru 10,4), futhi noma kunjalo itestamente lokuqala lachithwa ukuze amise elesibili (Hebheru 10,9).

Noma ubani owabhala amaHeberu wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi abafundi bakhe bazoqonda ukubaluleka kwemfundiso yeTestamente Elisha. Khumbula ukuthi kwakunjani esivumelwaneni esidala lapho kufika kulabo abalahla uMose? “Uma umuntu ephula umthetho kaMose, kufanele afe ngaphandle kwesihe kubofakazi ababili noma abathathu.” ( Hebheru 10,28).

“Nicabanga ukuthi umelwe ukujeziswa kakhulu kangakanani onyathela iNdodana kaNkulunkulu, ethi igazi lesivumelwano angcweliswa ngalo lingcolile, ehlambalaza umoya womusa” (Hebheru 10,29)?

Kwanele

Isivumelwano Esisha siyasebenza ngoba uJesu, umenzi wetestamente, wafa. Ukuqonda lokhu kubalulekile kumakholwa ngoba ukubuyisana esikutholile kungenzeka kuphela “ngegazi lakhe esiphambanweni,” igazi lesivumelwano esisha, igazi likaJesu iNkosi yethu (KwabaseKolose. 1,20).

nguJames Henderson