Inkolo ye-New Atheism

EsiNgisini, umugqa othi “Le ntokazi, kubonakala kimi, idumise kakhulu [isiNgisi Esidala: imibhikisho] ngokweqile” ivame ukucashunwa ku-Hamlet kaShakespeare, esetshenziselwa ukuchaza umuntu ozama ukukholisa abanye ngento engekho. Le nkulumo ifika engqondweni uma ngizwa kubantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bebhikisha bethi ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuyinkolo. Abanye abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu basekela umbhikisho wabo ngokuqhathanisa okulandelayo:

• Uma ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuyinkolo, khona-ke “impandla” umbala wezinwele. Noma lokhu kungazwakala kucishe kujule, kuyisitatimende samanga kuphela esiqhathaniswa nesigaba esingalungile. Impandla ayihlanganise lutho nombala wezinwele. Impela, awukho umbala wezinwele ongabonakala ekhanda elinempandla, kepha njengoba ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kubonakala ngezindlela eziningana, kungahle kube umbala njengezinye izinkolo, noma ngabe uhlukile; kuyefana nangobuKrestu. Futhi, angikaze ngihlangane nomuntu onempandla ongenawo umbala wezinwele. Uma othile engenazinwele ekhanda lakhe, akunakuvezwa sengathi akukho umbala wezinwele.
• Uma ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuyinkolo, kusho ukuthi impilo iyisifo. Njengoba ngishilo, lokhu kungazwakala njenge-syllogism evumelekile lapho uthi nhlá, kepha akuyona enye into ngaphandle kwenkulumo eyindida futhi emayelana nokuqhathanisa isitatimende samanga nesigaba esingalungile, okungalungile ngokunengqondo. Kufanele futhi ngikhulume ukuthi ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu akuhlobene nje kuphela nemibiko yempilo yezikamoya ethuthukisiwe kumakholwa, kodwa futhi nokuthuthuka kwempilo yomzimba uma kuqhathaniswa nabangakholwa. Eqinisweni, cishe izifundo ezingama-350 zezempilo yomzimba kanye nezifundo ezingama-850 zempilo yengqondo ezihlola izingxenye zezenkolo nezingokomoya zithole ukuthi amathonya enkolo kanye nengokomoya kuhlotshaniswa nokululama okungcono.
• Uma ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuyinkolo, khona-ke ukuzithiba kuyisimo socansi. Futhi, ukubambana ngezitatimende ezimbili akufakazeli lutho nhlobo. Ungaqhubeka uhlanganise izitatimende ezintsha ezingasho lutho. Ukwethulwa kwamaphutha anengqondo akusitsheli lutho ngalokho okuyiqiniso ngempela.

Inkantolo ephakeme yaseMelika (iNkantolo Ephakeme) ikhiphe isinqumo esingaphezu kwesisodwa sokuthi ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kumele kuthathwe njengenkolo ngokomthetho (isb. Njengenkolelo evikelwe ngokulingana nezinye izinkolo) Abakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu bakholelwa ukuthi abekho onkulunkulu. Kubonwa ngale ndlela, kuyinkolelo ngonkulunkulu futhi lokho kuyifanelekela njengenkolo, njengobuBuddha obubizwa nangokuthi inkolo.

Kunemibono emithathu yezenkolo ngoNkulunkulu: uNkulunkulu munye (ubuJuda, ubuKrestu, ubuSulumane), inkolelo yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu (ubuHindu, ubuMormonism) kanye non-theistic (Buddhism, atheism). Umuntu angangenisa isigaba sesine sokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu futhi asibize ngokuthi siphikisana nenkolo. Esihlokweni esivela ku-The Christian Post, uMike Dobbins ubonisa ukuthi ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni kuyinkolo kangakanani. Okulandelayo yingcaphuno (evela ku-Atheism as a Religion: An Introduction to the World's Least Under Under Faith):

Kwabakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, uhlamvu 'A' luphawu olungcwele olumele ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Kunezimpawu ezintathu ezinkulu zika-'A 'ekungakholelini kuNkulunkulu. Uphawu luka-'A 'luzungezwe umbuthano futhi lwakhiwa ngo-2007 yi-Atheist Alliance International. Umbuthano kufanele umelele ubunye babantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu futhi uhlanganise zonke ezinye izimpawu ezingekho ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ezingezansi. Akunjalo
yilezo zimpawu kuphela eziphawula ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. Kukhona uphawu lokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu olwaziwa kuphela ngabangaphakathi noma ngabathandi bokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.

Abaningi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bakwenza kwacaca ngoKhisimusi ka-2013 ukuthi lungcwele kangakanani uphawu luka-'A' kubo. Edolobheni lakithi e-Chicago, kuvunyelwe ukumisa i-Hanukkah menorah (izinti zamakhandlela zomkhosi wamaJuda wezibani) kanye nombhede kaKhisimusi ezindaweni zomphakathi ngesikhathi samaholide. Ngakho abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bafuna ukuba nabo babeke uphawu lwabo lwenkolo; ngale ndlela abaphathi babengagwema ukunikeza umbono wokuthi babesebenzelana nezinkolo ezihlukahlukene ngendlela ehlukile. I-Freedom From Religion Foundation ikhethe isikafula esinophawu olukhulu u-'A', 2,5 Amamitha ukuphakama, anophawu olubomvu lwe-neon ngakho lwalubonakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Inqwaba yabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu bakhokhele u-'A' wabo ngokwenza le ndawo ibe yindawo yokuvakasha. Lapho bathatha izithombe zabo kanye no-'A' obomvu. Abaningi babo, ngiyaqiniseka, bazogcina izithombe njengezikhumbuzo ezikhethekile. Kodwa u-A omkhulu obomvu wawunganele. Bagomela nokuthi babengabonisa izinkolelo zabo zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ngokubeka uphawu olufundeka kanje: “Abekho onkulunkulu, odeveli, nezingelosi, aninazulu nesihogo. Kukhona umhlaba wethu wemvelo kuphela. Inkolo imane iyinganekwane nenkolelo-ze eyenza lukhuni izinhliziyo futhi igqilaze izingqondo.”

Ibhulogi ye-Debunking Atheists [2] iqukethe uhlu oluwusizo lwemibono eyinhloko yokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ekhombisa ngokusobala okuqukethwe kwabo okungokwenkolo.

Ngezansi inguqulo efingqiwe yohlu:

• Abakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu banombono wabo womhlaba. Ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo (umbono wokuthi kukhona umhlaba owodwa kuphela wezinto ezibonakalayo) yilensi abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ababuka ngayo umhlaba. Kunokuba babe nomqondo ovulekile, amaqiniso afakazekayo kuphela ababalwayo; baqonda wonke amaqiniso ngokukhethekile ekubukekeni okulinganiselwe kokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo.
• Abakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu banemfundiso yabo siqu. I-Orthodoxy ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkolelo ezijwayelekile umphakathi wezenkolo ozamukele. Njengoba nje kune-orthodoxy yobuKrestu, kukhona neyokuthi uNkulunkulu akekho. Ngamafuphi, konke okukhona kungachazwa njengomphumela wokuvela ngokungenhloso, okungalawulwa nokungasho lutho. Noma yikuphi ukufunwa kweqiniso kuyenqatshwa inqobo nje uma kungasukumi ekuhlolweni kwesayensi nasekuqinisekisweni kobuciko.
• Abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu banendlela yabo yokubeka uphawu ngezihlubuki (izihlubuki). Ukuhlubuka kubhekisela ekulahleni izinkolelo zangaphambili. U-Antony Flew (1923-2010, isazi sefilosofi saseNgilandi) wayengomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu emhlabeni abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu iminyaka. Khona-ke wenza okungacabangeki: washintsha umqondo wakhe. Ungacabanga ukusabela kwenhlangano "enomqondo ovulekile, ebekezelayo" ye-neo-atheist. UFlew wanyundelwa. URichard Dawkins usole uFlew "ngokushintsha kwengqondo" - igama elihle kakhulu lokuhlubuka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvuma kwabo, uFlew wafulathela “izinkolelo” zabo [futhi waba uhlobo oluthile lokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu].
• Abakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu banabaprofethi babo: uNietzsche, uRussell, uFuerbach, uLenin noMarx.
• Abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu banomesiya wabo: UCharles Darwin, abakholelwa ukuthi ushaye isigxobo esibucayi enhliziyweni ye-theism ngokunikeza incazelo ephelele yokuthi impilo ayimdingi uNkulunkulu njengombhali noma incazelo. UDaniel Dennett waze wabhala nencwadi ngakho ngenhloso yokuchaza inkolelo yenkolo uqobo lwayo njengokuthuthuka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
• Abakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu banabashumayeli babo kanye nabashumayeli bevangeli: uDawkins, uDennett, uHarris noHitchens (bangabameleli abane abavelele benhlangano yabangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu).
• Abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu bangamakholwa. Nakuba beklolodela ukholo emibhalweni yabo (incwadi kaHarris enesihloko esithi Ukuphela Kokholo), ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kuyisinyathelo esisekelwe enkolweni. Njengoba ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu kungenakufakazelwa noma kuphikiswe, ukuphika uNkulunkulu kudinga ukukholelwa emakhonweni omuntu esayensi okubona nokucabanga okuhluzekile. Ekuthuthukisweni kokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu akukho ncazelo yombuzo othi “Kungani indawo yonke iyala, isebenziseka futhi ilinganiseka?” Ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu akunayo incazelo enengqondo yokuthi kungani kunokuthile okunjengokucabanga okunengqondo nhlobo. Akanayo incazelo yemibuzo athemba ukuthi izobuzwa, njengokuthi "Kungani sinokuzethemba? Yini eyenza sikwazi ukucabanga? Uvelaphi umuzwa wendawo yonke wokulungile nokungalungile? Singazi kanjani ngokuqinisekile ukuthi akukho ukuphila ngemva kokufa? Singaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi akukho lutho olukhona ngaphandle kwezwe elibonakalayo? Sazi kanjani ukuthi lezo zinto kuphela ezikhona ezingaqinisekiswa kalula ngezindlela zethu ezaziwayo zesayensi? Abantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu bathi izinto ezingachazeki yinkolelo—bathatha izinto ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqinile noma isisekelo esinamandla sokwenza lokho.

Ngokuphikisana nemibhikisho yabangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, iqiniso lohlelo lwabo lokuvuma izono luyisinyathelo esisekelwe okholweni ngemikhuba nezinkolelo njengezinye izinkolo. Kuyaxaka ukuthi abantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, abaphikelela ngokuthi ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu akuyona inkolo futhi bathethise ezinye izinkolo, baze bafaka nezimpawu ezinkulu beqhudelana nalezo zezinye izinkolo.

Ngiyashesha ukwengeza ukuthi amanye amaKristu ngokuvamile enza iphutha elifanayo lapho ehlohla ezinye izinkolo (ngisho nezinye izinhlobo zobuKristu). NjengamaKristu, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukholo lwethu aluyona nje inkolo okufanele igonywe futhi ivikelwe. Kunalokho, ubuKristu buyingqikithi yabo ubuhlobo obuphilayo noNkulunkulu oZiqu-zintathu: uYise, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele. Ubizo lwethu njengamaKristu akukhona ukuphoqelela enye inkolo emhlabeni, kodwa ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini kaNkulunkulu oqhubekayo wokubuyisana njengamanxusa Akhe (2. AbaseKorinte 5,18-21) - ngokushumayela izindaba ezinhle (iVangeli) zokuthi abantu bathethelelwe, ukuthi bahlengiwe futhi bathandwa nguNkulunkulu, obheke ubuhlobo bokwethembana (ukholo), ithemba nothando nabo bonke abantu abalulangazelelayo.

Ngiyajabula ukuthi ubuKristu bangempela abuyona inkolo kepha budlelwano.

UJoseph Tkach

umongameli
UMUSA WOKUXHUMANA NOMHLABA WONKE

Inkolo ye-New Atheism